A

absolute-value circuits, I-37, IV-274

            amplifier, I-31

            full wave rectifier, II-528

            Norton amplifier, III-I I

            precision, I-37, IV-274

ac amplifier, high input impedance, VI-55

ac line/timer interface, VI-281

ac motors (see also motor control circuits)

            control for, II-375

            power brake, II-451

            three-phase driver for, II-383

            two-phase driver for, I-456, II-382

ac power monitor, VI-351

ac/dc indicator, IV-214

ac to dc converters, I-165

            fixed power supplies, IV-395

            full-wave, IV-120

            high-impedance precision rectifier, I-164

accelerometer, VI-345

acid rain monitor, II-245, III-361, V-371

acoustic field generator, V-338-341

acoustic sound receiver/transmitter, IV-311

active antennas (see antennas, active)

active filters (see also filter circuits)

            band reject, II-401

            bandpass, II-190, II-221, II-223

            variable bandwidth, I-286

            digitally tuned low-power, II-218

            five pole, I-279

            fourth-order low-pass, V-184

            high-pass, V-180, V-188

                        fourth-order, V-188

                        second-order, I-297

            low-pass, V-178, V-181, V-188

                        digitally selected break frequency, II-216

                        unity-gain, V-187

            low-power

                        digitally selectable center frequency, III-186

                        digitally timed, I-279

            programmable, III-185

            RG, Lip to 150 kHz, I-294

            speech-range filter, V-185

            state-variable, III-189

            ten-band graphic equalizer using, II-684

            three-amplifier, I-289

            tunable, I-289

            universal, II-214

adapter (see also conversion and converters)

            dc transceiver, hand-held, III-461

            line-voltage to multimeter adapter, V-312

            program, second-audio, III-142

            traveler’s shaver, I-495

adder circuits, III-327

            binary, fast-action, IV-260-261

AFSK generator, one-chip, VI-23

AGC (see automatic gain control - AGC)

air conditioner, auto, smart clutch for, III-46

aircraft receiver, 118 to 136-MHz, VI-542

air motion and pressure

            barometer, VI-338

            electronic anemometer, VI-6

            flow-detector, I-235, II-240-242, III-202-203, IV-82, V-154, VI-4-6, VI-183

            flow-meters (anemometers)

                        hot-wire, III-342, V-5, VI-4-6, VI-183

                        thermally based, II-241

            pressure change detector, IV-144

            motion detector, I-222, III-364

airplane propeller sound effect, II-592

alarms (see also annunciators; sirens), I-4, III-3-9, IV-84-89, V-I-16, VI-7-16

            555-based alarm, V-11

            alarm-tone generator, V-563

            amateur radio on-alarm and timer, VI-32

            audio-sensor alarm, V-8

            auto burglar, I-3, I-7, I-10, II-2, III-4, IV-53

                        alarm decoy, VI-13

                        automatic-arming, IV-50

                        automatic turn-off, 8 minute delay, IV-52

                        CMOS low-current, IV-56

                        horn as loudspeaker, IV-54

                        motion-actuated car/motorcycle, I-9

                        security system, I-5, IV-49-56, VI-9, VI-11

                        single-IC, III-7, IV-55

            auto-arming automotive alarm, IV-50

            automatic turn-off, IV-54

            8 minute delay, IV-52

            baby-alert transmitter/receiver, V-95-96

            backup battery low alarm, VI-110

            bells, electronic, II-33, I-636

            blown fuse, I-10

            boat, I-9

            body-heat detector, VI-266

            burglar alarms, III-8, III-9, IV-86, VI-8

                        burglar chaser, V-16

                        latching circuit, I-8, I-12

                        NC and NO switches, IV-87

                        NC switches, IV-87

                        one-chip, III-5

                        self-latching, IV-85

                        timed shutoff, IV-85

            camera triggered, III-444

            capacitive sensor, III-515

            current monitor and, III-338

            dark-activated alarm, pulsed tone output, V-13

            delayed alarm, V-4

            differential voltage or current, IM

            digital clock circuit with, III-84

            door-ajar, II-284, III-46, VI-14

            Hall-effect circuit, III-256

            door minder, V-5

            doorbells (see annunciators)

            driver, high-power alarm driver, V-2

            exit delay for burglar alarms, V-10

            fail-safe, semiconductor, III-6

            field disturbance, II-507

            flasher signal, V-197

            flashing brake light for motorcycles, VI-12

            flex switch alarm sounder, V-15

            flood, I-390, III-206, IV-188, V-374

            freezer meltdown, I-13

            headlights-on, III-52, V-77

            heat-activated alarm, V-9

            high/low-limit, I-151

            home security system, I-6, IV-87, VI-10-11

            ice formation, II-58

            infrared wireless system, IV-222-223

            latching relay alarm circuit, VI-569

            light-activated, V-9, V-273

                        high-output, pulsed tone, V-14

                        precision design, V-12

                        precision with hysteresis, V-14

                        self-latch, tone output, V-15

                        with latch, V-12

            light-beam intruder-detection alarm, V-11, V-13

            loop circuit alarms

                        closed-loop, V-3

                        multi-loop parallel alarm, V-2

                        parallel, V-3

                        series/parallel, V-3

            low-battery disconnect and, III-65

            low-battery warning, III-59

            low-volts, II-493

            motorcycle alarm, VI-13

            motorcycle burglar alarm, VI-15

            motorcycle horn alarm, VI-14, VI-15

            multiple circuit for, II-2

            no-doze alarm, V-8

            one-chip, III-5

            photoelectric, II-4, II-319

            piezoelectric, I-12, V-10

            power failure, I-581, I-582, III-511

            printer error, IV-106

            proximity, II-506, III-517, V-485-486, VI-657

            pulsed-tone, I-11, V-559

            purse-snatcher, capacitance operated, I-134

            rain, I-442, I-443, IV-189

            road ice, II-57

            security, I-4, III-3-9

            self-arming, I-2

            sensor amplifier, sensor amplifier, VI-52

            shutoff, automatic, I-4

            signal-reception, receivers, III-270

            silent alarm, V-16

            siren, V-559

            smoke alarms, II-278, III-246-253

                        gas, I-332

                        ionization chamber, I-332-333

                        line-operated, IV-140

                        operated ionization type, I-596

                        photoelectric, line-operated, I-596

                        SCR, III-251

            solar powered, I-13

            sonic defenders, IV-324

            spaceship alarm, V-560

            speed, I-95

            Star Trek red alert, II-577

            strobe flasher alarm, IV-180, V-6

            tamperproof burglar, I-8

            temperature (see also temperature-related circuits), II-4, II-643

                        adjustable threshold, II-644

                        light, radiation sensitive, II-4

            timer, II-674

            trouble tone alert, II-3

            turn signal use alarm, VI-100

            varying-frequency warning, II-579

            wailing, II-572

            warbling, II-573, V-7

            watchdog timer/alarm, IV-584

            water leakage/level (see also fluid and moisture), I-389, IV-190, V-374

allophone generator, III-733

alternators

            battery-alternator monitor, car, III-63

            regulator for automobile alternator, V-76

altimeter, digital readout, V-296

AM radio-related circuits, I-544

            AM and shortwave, ac/dc vacuum-tube design, VI-536-537, VI-536

            AM-modulated oscillator for wireless microphones, VI-450

            amplitude modulator, II-370

            broadcast band signal generator, IV-302

            car radio to shortwave converter, IV-500

            demodulator, II-160

            detector, 455-kHz AM, VI-184

            envelope detector, IV-142

            linear (AM) amplitude modulator, VI-402

            microphone, wireless AM, I-679

            modulation monitor, IV-299

            power amplifier for, I-77

            receivers, II-525, III-81, III-529, III-535, IV-455 V-496, VI-535

                        1.5 V broadcast, V-497

                        mixer/oscillator for AM receiver, V-412

                        transistor radio, V-502

                        carrier-current, III-81

                        FM/AM receiver, VI-541

                        integrated, III-535

                        one-tube, VI-552

                        regenerative, one-tube, VI-547

                        two-chip, VI-550

            shortwave radio AM broadcast trap, VI-214

            signal generators, IV-301, IV-302

            tuned collector oscillator, for AM broadcast band, VI-454

AM/FM-related circuits

            clock radio, II-543, III-1

            squelch circuit, II-547, III-1

amateur radio related circuits (see also amateur television), VI-17-32

            AFSK generator, one-chip, VI-23

            amplifier control circuitry, 1.2-kW 144-MHz, VI-19

            amplifier power supply, 1.2-kW 144-MHz, VI-18

            audio breakout box, VI-26-27

            battery pack and reverse polarity protection, VI-30

            CW audio filter, VI-29

            CW identifier, programmable, VI-24

            CW transmitter keying circuit, VI-22-23

            CW transmitter, one-watt, VI-27

            identifier circuit, VI-31

            linear amp, 2-30 MHz 140-W, III-260

            linear amplifier, VI-1 .2-kW 144-MHz, VI-20

            mobile radio on-alarm timer, VI-32

            Morse code circuits, VI-404-409

            PTT control from receiver audio, VI-28

            receiver for, III-534

            RIF line sampler/coupler, VI-30

            rf variable-frequency oscillator (VFO), V-532

            SSB receiver, VI-80-meter, VI-29

            superhet receiver, four-stage 75-meter, VI-21

            SWR detector adapter, audible, VI-25

            transceiver memory backup, VI-28

            transceiver relay interface, V-243

            transmit keyer interface circuit, VI-31

            transmitter, 80-M, III-675

            voice identifier, V-550

amateur television (ATV) circuits, 33-45, VI-33

            downconverter, 420 to 450 MHz, VI-44-45, VI-44

            downconverter, 902 to 928 MHz, VI-40-41, VI-40

            dummy load for transmitter tests, VI-37

            horizontal deflection circuit, VI-382

            mini transmitter, VI-36

            parabolic dish microphone amplifier, VI-82

            preamp, mast-mounted, VI-37

            switching supply for color TV, SCR, VI-487

            transmitter for 440 MHz, VI-5-watt, VI-34

            transmitter, VI-5-watt, VI-35

            transmitter, three-channel, 420 to 450-MHz, VI:-4, VI-42

            transmitter, three-channel, 902 to 928-MHz, VI-38, VI-38

            UHF scanner active antenna, VI-67

            vertical deflection circuit, VI-374

            video detector for transmitter tests, VI-37

ambience amplifier, rear speaker, II-458

ambient light effects, cancellation circuit, II-328

ambient light-ignoring optical sensor, III-413

ammeter, I-201

            low-current, V-307

            nano, I-202

            pico, II-154, II-157, I-202

            guarded input circuit, II-156

            six-decade range, II-153, II-156

amplifiers (see also audio amplifiers), II-5-22, III-10-21, V-17-26, VI-46­57

            1 watt/2.3 GHz, II-540

            2 to 6-W, with preamp, II-451

            2 to 30 MHz, 140W amateur radio linear, I-555

            4W bridge, I-79

            5W output, two-meter, I-567

            6W 8-ohm output-transformerless, I-75

            10 dB-gain, III-543

            10 W power, I-76

            10 x buffer, I-128

            12-W low-distortion power, I-76

            16-W bridge, I-82

            25-watt, II-452

            30 MHz, I-567

            40 dB gain, IV-36

            60 MHz, I-567

            80 MHz cascade, I-567

            80W PEP broadband/linear, I-557

            100 MHz/400 MHz neutralized common source, I-565

            100W PEP 420-450 MHz push-pull, I-554

            100x buffer, I-128

            135 to 175 MHz, I-564

            160W PEP broadband, I-556

            200 MHz neutralized common source, I-568

            450 MHz common-source, I-568

            600-W rf power, I-559

            absolute-value, I-31

            ac amplifier, noninverting, V-18, V-19

            ac amplifier, high input impedance, VI-55

            ac servo, bridge type, III-387

            ac-coupled, dynamic, III-17

            acoustic field generator, V-338-341

            AF drive indicator, V-346

            AGC, II-17

            squelch control, III-33

            wide-band, III-15

            adjustable-gain noninverting, I-91

            amateur radio, linear, 2 to 30 MHz, 140W, I-555

            ambience, rear speaker, II-458

            AM radio power, I-77

            attenuator and, digitally controlled, I-53

            audio (see audio amplifiers)

            audio converter, two-to four-wire, II-14

            audio limiter, low-distortion, II-15

            audio power amps (see audio and sound circuits, power amps)

            audio signal amps (see audio and sound circuits, signal amps)

            audio to UHF preamp, V-24

            automatic fade circuit for, II-42

            automatic level control, II-20

            automotive audio amplifier, IV-66

            Av/200, stereo, I-77

            balance, II-46

                        inverting, I-33

                        loudness control, II-47, II-395

            bandpass amplifier, VI-54

            bootstrap circuit, V-356

            bridge, I-74

                        4 watt, I-79

                        16 watt, I-82

                        ac servo, I-458

                        audio power, I-81

                        high-impedance, I-353

                        transducer, III-71, II-84, I-351

            broadband

                        low-noise, I-562

                        PEP, 160-W, I-556

                        linear/PEP, 80W, I-557

            bridge amplifier, VI-122, VI-123

            buffers

                        10x, I-128

                        100x, I-128

                        ac, single-supply, I-126

                        battery-powered, I-351

                        rf amp with modulator, IV-490

                        sine-wave output, I-126

                        unity-gain, stable design, II-6

            car stereo booster amp, V-72

            cascade, III-13

                        80 MHz, I-567

            cascade, rf amplifiers, IV-488

            CD4049 audio signal amp, IV-40

            chopper, ±15V, III-12

                        chopper channel, I-350

                        stabilized, II-7

            clamp-limiting, active, III-15

            color video, I-34, III-724

            common source

                        450 MHz, I-568

                        low-power, II-84

            complementary-symmetry audio, I-78

            composite, II-8, III-13

            compressor/amplifier, low-distortion, IV-24

            constant-bandwidth, III-21

            control circuitry, 1.2-kW 144-MHz, VI-19

            cool-down circuit, V-354, V-357

            crystal tuned amp, VI-57

            current feedback amp, 100 mA at 100 MHz, V-25

            current-shunt, III-21

            current collector head, II-11, II-295

            current probe amplifier, VI-521

            current to voltage, high-speed, I-35

            Darlington, push-pull, V-22

            dc servo, I-457

            dc-stabilized, fast, III-18

            dc to video log, I-38

            detector, MC1330/MC1352, TV IF, I-688

            difference amplifier, V-18, V-21, VI-53

            differential, I-38, III-14

                        high-impedance, I-27, I-354

                        high-input, high-impedance, II-19

                        instrumentation, I-347, III-283

                        instrumentation, biomedical, III-282

                        programmable gain, III-507

                        two op amp bridge type, II-83

            discrete current-booster, V-23

            distribution amplifiers

                        audio, I-39, II-39, V-59

                        signal, I-39

            dual power supply, V-465

            dynamic, ac-coupled, III-17

            ear protector circuit, V-482

            electric microphone preamp, V-21

            electrometer, overload protected, II-155

            fast-inverting, high-input impedance, V-18

            FET input, II-7

            offset gate bias, V-22

            video, cascade, I-691

            flat response, I-92, III-673

            forward-current booster, III-17

            four-quadrant photo-conductive detector, I-359

            frequency counter preamp, V-24

            gain, 10 dB, III-543

            gain-controlled, III-34

            gate, I-36

            guitars, matching audio signal amps, IV-38

                        harmonic distortion analyzer, V-291

            harmonic distortion meter, V-312

            hi-fi compander as, II-12

            hi-fi expandor, II-13

            high-frequency amplifiers, III-259-265

                        29-MHz, III-262

                        3 to 30 MHz, 80-W, 12.5-13.6V, III-261

                        amateur radio, linear, 2-30 MHz, 140W, III-260

                        noninverting, 28-dB, III-263

                        RF, broadcast band, III-264

                        UHF, wideband with high-performance FETs, III-264

                        wideband, III-265

            high-impedance/high-gain/high-frequency, I-41

            high-impedance/low-capacitance, I-691

            high-input-high-impedance amplifiers, II-19, II-44

            high-side current-sensing amp, VI-54

            highpass amplifier, VI-49

            IF amplifiers, I-690, IV-459

                        455-kHz, V-522, V-523, V-524

                        45-MHz, crystal filter, V-527

                        AGC system, IV-458

                        preamp, IV-460

                        receiver, IV-459

                        quadrature detector, TV sound IF, I-690

                        two-stage, 60 MHz, I-563

                        wideband, I-689

            infinite sample and hold, II-558

            input-inverting, fast, high-impedance, V-19

            input/output buffer for analog multiplexers, III-11

            instrumentation amplifiers, I-346, I-348, I-349, I-352, II-293-295, III-278-284, IV-229-234, V-233-235

                        100 V common mode range, VI-294

                        current collector head amplifier, II-295

                        differential, I-347, I-349, I-353, I-354, III-282, III-283

                        extended common-mode design, IV-234

                        high-impedance low-drift, I-355

                        high-speed, I-354

                        low-drift/low-noise dc amplifier, IV-232

                        low-signal level/high-impedance, I-350

                        low-power, III-284

                        meter driver, II-296

                        preamps, III-283, IV-230-231

                        precision FET input, I-355

                        saturated standard cell amplifier, II-296

                        strain gauge, III-280

                        triple op amp, I-347

                        ultra-precision, III-279

                        variable gain, differential input, I-349

                        very high-impedance, I-354

                        wideband, III-281

            inverting, I-42, II-41, III-14

                        ac, high-gain, I-92

                        balancing circuit in, I-33

                        gain of 2, lag-lead compensation, UHF, I-566

                        low-power, digitally selectable gain, II-333

                        power amplifier, I-79

                        programmable-gain, III-505

                        unity gain amplifier, I-80

                        wideband unity gain, I-35

            ISO 1000A record/playback circuit, VI-50

            isolation

                        capacitive load, I-34

                        level-shifting, I-348

                        medical telemetry, I-352

                        rf, II-547

            JFET, V-20

                        500-Mohm input impedance, V-23

                        bipolar cascade video, I-692

                        current source biasing, V-21

                        preamplifier, V-22

            line amps, III-37

                        duplex, telephone, III-616

                        universal design, IV-39

            linear amplifiers

                        2-kW 144-MHz, VI-20

                        2-30 MHz, 140W PEP amateur radio, I-555

                        100 W PEP 420-450 MHz push-pull, I-554

                        160 W PEP broadband, I-556

                        amateur radio, 2-30 MHz 140-W, III-260

                        audio power amplifiers, V-51

                        CMOS inverter, II-11

                        inverter, linear amp from inverter, II-11

                        rf, IV-480-481, IV-484-485

            load-line protected, 75W audio, I-73

            logarithmic amplifiers, I-29, I-35, II-8

                        dc to video, I-38

                        log-ratio amplifier, I-42

                        op amp, VI-56

            logic amplifiers, II-332-335

                        low-power binary, to 10n gain low-frequency, II-333

                        low-power inverting, digitally selectable gain, II-333

                        low-power noninverting, digitally selectable input and gain, II-334

                        precision, digitally programmable input and gain, II-335

                        programmable amplifier, II-334

            log ratio, I-42

            loudness control, II-46

            low-level video detector circuit and, I-687

            low-noise design, IV-37

            lowpass amplifier, VI-49

            medical telemetry, isolation, I-352

            meter-driver, rf, 1-MHz, III-545

            micro-powered, high-input/high-impedance, 20 dB, II-44

            micro-sized, III-36

            microphone, I-87, III-34

                        electronically balanced input, I-86

            microwave amplifiers, IV-315-319

                        5.7 GHz, IV-317

                        bias supply for preamp, IV-318

                        preamplifiers, IV-316-319

            mini-stereo amplifier, V-583

            monostable, II-268

            MOSFET

                        high-impedance biasing method, V-19

                        push-pull amplifier, VI-55

            neutralized common source, I-565, I-568

            noninverting amplifiers, I-32, I-33, I-41, III-14

                        ac power, I-79

                        adjustable gain, I-91

                        comparator with hysteresis in, I-153

                        high-frequency, 28-dB, III-263

                        hysteresis in, I-153

                        low-power, digitally selectable input and gain, II-334

                        power, I-79

                        programmable-gain, III-505

                        single supply, I-74

                        split supply, I-75

            Norton, absolute-value, III-11

            op amp (see operational amplifiers)

            oscilloscope sensitivity, III-436

            output, four-channel D/A, III-165

            pH probe amplifier, VI-523

            phono, I-80, I-81, I-89

            photodiode, I-361, II-324, III-19, III-672, VI-301, VI-302

            phototransistor amplifier, V-409

            playback, tape, III-672

            polarity-reversing low-power, III-16

            power (see power amps)

            power supply, V-464, V-465, VI-18

            pre-amps (see preamplifiers)

            precision amplifier, I-40, II-335

            precision RTD, for +5V, VI-643

            programmable amplifiers, II-334, III-504-508

                        differential-input, programmable gain, III-507

                        inverting, programmable-gain, III-505

                        noninverting, programmable-gain, III-505

                        precision, digital control/programming, III-506

            programmable-gain, I-32, II-9

                        variable-gain, wide-range digital control, III-506

            programmable gain, I-32, II-9, VI-51

            programmable input, VI-52

            pulse-width proportional controller circuit for, II-21

            push-pull

                        Darlington, V-22

                        MOSFET, VI-55

                        PEP 100W, 420-450 MHz, I-554

            PWM servo, III-379

            recording amplifier, I-90

            reference voltage, I-36

            remote, I-91, VI-50

            remotely powered sensor amplifier, VI-52

            rf (see rf amplifiers)

            sample-and-hold, I-587, II-558

            selectable input, programmable gain, I-32

            servo amplifiers (see also motor controls), I-452

                        400 Hz, II-386

                        bridge type ac, I-458

                        dc, I-457

                        motor drive amplifier, II-384

            signal amplifiers, audio, II-41-47, IV-34-42

            signal distribution, I-39

            sound-activated, gain-controlled, IV-528

            silicon-controlled amplifiers (SCA), V-535-536

                        decoder, I-214, II-166, II-170

                        demodulator, II-150, III-565

                        subcarrier adapter, FM tuner, V-536

            sine wave output buffer, I-126

            sound mixer and, II-37

            source follower

                        bootstrapped, V-20

                        JFET, V-20

            speaker amplifiers, II-16, III-39

            speech compressor, II-15

            stereo amplifiers, I-77, II-9, III-34

                        bass tone control, V-584

            subwoofer power supply, V-464

            summing, I-37, III-16

                        fast-action, I-36

                        inverting, V-18, V-20

                        precision design, I-36

                        video, III-710, VI-681

            switching power, I-33

            tape playback, I-92, IV-36

            tape recording, I-90

            telephone, III-621, IV-555, IV-560, V-614

            telephone ring amplifier, VI-624, VI-626

            test bench amplifier, V-26

            tester, VCR head amplifier, VI-48

            thermocouple, I-654, III-14

                        cold junction compensation in, II-649, VI-642

                        high-stability, I-355

            transducer, I-86, III-669-673

            transformerless, 6-W, 8-ohm output, I-75

            transistorized, I-85, II-43

            tremolo circuit, voltage-controlled, I-598

            tube amplifier, high-voltage isolation, IV-426

            tuned amplifier, VI-53

            TV audio, III-39

            two-meter, I-562, I-567

            two-stage, I-563, I-689

            UHF, I-560, I-565

            unity gain, I-27, II-7

                        noninverting, V-21, V-22

            variable-gain, for oscilloscopes, V-426

            VHF, single-device, 80-W/50-ohm, I-558

            video, I-692, III-708-712, V-655, V-656, V-657, V-658, V-662, VI-674, VI-679, VI-681, VI-683

                        75-ohm video pulse, III-711

                        250-mA 60-MHz current feedback, VI-682

                        buffer, low-distortion, III-712

                        color, I-34, III-724

                        dc gain-control, III-711

                        FET cascade, I-691

                        gain block, III-712

                        IF, low-level video detector circuit, I-689, II-687

                        JFET bipolar cascade, I-692

                        line driving, III-710

                        log amplifier, I-38

                        RGB, III-709, VI-675

                        summing, III-710, VI-681

            video IF amplifier/detector, VI-678

            voice activated switch, I-608

            voice-operated circuits, V-553

            voltage, differential to single-ended, III-670

            voltage indicators/meters, VI-689

            voltage-controlled (see voltage-controlled amplifiers)

            voltage-follower, signal-supply operation, III-20

            voltmeter amplifier, low-drain, VI-695

            volume, II-46

            walkman, II-456

            write, III-18

amplitude modulation (see AM radio-related circuits; AM/FM)

analog circuits

            counter circuit, II-137

            delay line, echo and reverb, IV-21

            multiplexers, II-431, III-396

            multiplier, II-392

            switch, differential analog switch, I-622

analog to digital converter, II-23-31, III-22-26, IV-5-6, V-27-30, VI-58-60

            3-bit, high-speed, I-50

            8-bit, I-44, I-46

            8-bit successive approximation, I-47

            10-bit, II-28

            10-bit serial output, II-27

            12-bit, high-speed, II-29

            16-bit, II-26

            board design, IV-6

            buffer circuit, I-127, VI-128

            capacitance meter, 3.5 digit, III-76

            cyclic, II-30

            differential input system for, II-31

            eight-channel, for PC clones, V-29-30, V-29

            fast precision, I-49

            four-digit (10, 000 count), II-25

            half-flash, III-26

            high-speed system, VI-59,

            IC, low-cost, I-50

            LCD display, 3.5 digit, I-49

            personal computer A/D converter, VI-60

            poller, V-28

            successive approximation, II-24, II-30, 145

            switched-capacitor, III-23

            temperature measurement converter, VI-234-235, VI-634

            three-decade logarithmic, I-48

            three-IC, low-cost, I-50

            tracking, III-24

            video converter, IV-610-611

analyzer, gas, II-281

AND gate, I-395, V-216, VI-315

            large fan-in, I-395

            relay circuit, VI-316

anemometers (see also air motion/pressure), VI-4-6

            hot-wire, III-342, VI-5

            thermally based, II-241

angle-of-rotation detector, II-283

annunciators (see also alarms; sirens), II-32-34, III-27-28, IV-710

            ac line-voltage, III-730

            bell, electronic I-636, II-33, IV-9

            buzzers, I-11, I-12, IV-8, V-170

            chime circuit, low-cost, II-33

            door buzzer, IV-8

            doorbells/chimes, I-218, 1443, IV-8

                        buzzer, V-170

                        buzzer, two-door, IV-10

                        musical-tone, IV-522

                        rain alarm, I-443

                        single-chip design, IV-524

                        sliding tone, II-34

                        twin-bell, V-170

            large fan-in, I-395

            SCR circuit, self-interrupting load, IV-9

            twin-bell doorbell, V-170

            two-door annunciator, IV-10

answering machines (see also telephone-related circuits)

            beeper, IV-559

antennas, TV-1 I-14, V-3I-38, VI-6I-67

            active, III-I-2, IV-I-4

                        wideband rod, IV-4

                        with gain, IV-2

            balun, V-34

            FM automobile radio diversity antenna, VI-64-65

            FM tunable antenna booster, VI-65

            HF broadband antenna preamp, V-36

            HF/VHF switchable active antenna, V-524

            loop antenna, 3.5 MHz, IV-12-13

                        dual band, 80-16-M, V-32

                        preamp, V-38

            matchbox antenna tuner, VI-66

            miniature broadband (3 to 30    MHz), VI-63

            preamps

                        HF broadband, V-36

                        VLF 60-kHz, V-33

                        wideband antenna, V-35

            remote tuned active HF, VI-62

            selector switch, IV-538-539

            TR switch, automatic, V-37

            tuner, VI-66

                        1-to 30-MHz, IV-14

                        low-power, V-38

            UHF scanner active antenna, VI-67

            VLF 60-kHz antenna preamp, V-33

            VLF/VHF wideband, low-noise, active, V-33

            wideband antenna, preamp, V-35

antitheft device, I-7

arc lamp, 25-W, power supply for, II-476

arc welding inverter, ultrasonic, 20 kHz, III-700

arc-jet power supply, starting circuit, III-479

astable multivibrators, II-269, II-510, III-196, III-233, III-238, V-387, V-388, VI-418, VI-419

            op amp, III-224

            free-running square-wave oscillator, V-386

            programmable-frequency, III-237

            square wave generation with, IT-597

            starting network, VI-418

            variable pulse width, VI-419

            attendance counter, II-138

attenuators, III-29-31, VI-68-70

            analog signals, microprocessor-controlled, III-101

            digitally programmable, III-30

            digitally selectable, precision      design, I-52

            programmable, III-30

            programmable (1 to 0.00001), I-53

            rf, IV-322

            switchable power, VI-69

            variable, I-52

            variable voltage, VI-70

            voltage-controlled, II-18, III-31

audio amplifiers (see also amplifiers; audio and sound circuits; audio power amplifiers), II-4I-47, III-32-39, IV-34-42, VI-7I-82

            10-watt amplifier, VI-85

            20-dB gain amp, VI-78

            40 dB gain design, IV-36

            AGC, squelch control, III-33

            audio compressor, II-44

            automotive stereo system, high-power, IV-66, VI-101

            balance, II-46, II-47, IV-215

            Baxandall tone-control, IV-588

            booster, 20 dB, III-35

            CD4049 design, IV-40

            circuit bridge load drive, III-35

            class AB single-supply amp, complementary, VI-81

            complementary-symmetry, I-78

            compressor, II-44

            distribution, I-39, II-39

            electric guitar, IV-38

            electronic-ear low noise amp, parabolic dish microphones, VI-82

            fader, automatic, II-42

            fixed power supplies, TV-398, IV-407

            high-gain amp, VI-80

            high-slew rate power op amp, I-82

            gain-controlled, stereo, III-34

            line amplifier, III-37, IV-39

            linear amp, micropower, VI-73

            load line protection, 75W, I-73

            loudness, II-46

            low-level amp, VI-78

            low-noise design, IV-37

            low-power, II-454

            micro-sized, III-36

            microphone, II-45, III-34, VI-81

            micropower high-input-impedance 20-dB amplifier, II-44

            mini-stereo, III-38

            NB FM audio amp, VI-74

            personal stereo amplifier, VI-75

            power (see audio power amplifiers)

            power supply, V-465, VI-483

            pre-amps

                        1000x, low-noise, IV-37

                        AGC, VI-2

                        balanced microphone, VI-77

                        dynamic microphone, VI-76, VI-79

                        FET phono cartridge, VI-79

                        general-purpose, IV-42

                        impedance-matching, IV-37

                        low-noise, IV-41

                        magnetic phono cartridge, IV-35

                        microphone, IV-37, IV-41, IV-42

                        NAB tape playback, professional, III-38

                        phono, III-37, IV-35, IV-36

                        RIAA, III-38, VI-80

                        single-ended high-z microphone, VI-78

                        stereo, II-43, II-45

                        transistor RIAA for telephone, VI-76

            Q-multiplier, II-20

            RIAA line amplifier/driver, VI-77

            signal (see audio signal amplifiers)

            signal source for audio amplifier/inverter, VI-702

            speaker, hand-held transceivers, III-39

            tape playback amplifiers, IV-35

            television type, III-39

            test circuit, VI-343

            tone control, II-686

            transistor headphone amplifier, II-43

            two-transistor design, VI-74

            ultra-high-gain, I-87

            vacuum tube amplifier, VI-72-73

            vehicle audio amplifier inverter, VI-284

            volume indicator, II-46, IV-212

audio and sound circuits (see also audio amplifiers; sound generators; sound-operated circuits)

            acoustic field generator, V-338-341, V-338

            acoustic sound receiver/transmitter, IV-311

            AF drive indicator, V-346

            amplifiers (see audio amplifiers)

            audio-frequency generator, V-416-417

            audio-frequency meter, V-305, V-320

            audio-rf signal tracer probe, I-527

            audio-sensor alarm, V-8

            audio-test oscillator, V-420

            audio to ADC interface, V-242

            audio to UHF preamp, V-24

            automatic gain control (AGC), II-17

                        AGC system for CA3028 IF amp, IV-458

                        automatic level control (ALC), V-62

                        rf amplifier, wideband adjustable, III-545

                        squelch control, III-33

                        wide-band amplifier, III-15

            booster, II-455, III-35

            biquad filter, III-185

            bridge load drive, III-35

            carrier-current transmitter, III-79

            clipper, precise, II-394

            compressor, II-44

            continuity tester, I-550

            converter, two-to four-wire, II-14

            CW audio filter, VI-405

            CW identifier, VI-408

            distribution amplifier, I-39, II-39

            ditherizer, VI-377

            dual tone generator, VI-390

            expander, V-582

            filters (see filters)

            frequency doubler, IV-16-17

            frequency meter, I-311, VI-335

            gain control, remote, VI-384

            generators (see sound generators)

            LED bar peak program meter   display, I-254

            level meters, sound levels, III-346, III-614, IV-305, IV-307

            leveler, ALC, VI-3

            limiters, II-15, V-335

            millivoltmeter, III-767, III-769

            mixers (see mixers)

            muting circuit, VI-383

            noise-based voting circuit, VI-422-423

            notch filter, II-400

            octave equalizer, V-353

            oscillators, I-64, II-24, III-427, IV-374, IV-375, VI-432-440

                        20 Hz to 20 kHz, variable, I-727

                        light-sensitive, III-315

                        sine wave, II-562

            power (see audio power amplifiers)

            power meter, I-488

            power supply for auto sound amp, VI-483

            Q multiplier, II-20

            receivers (see receivers)

            rf signal tracer probe, I-522

            scramblers, IV-25-27

            selector, digital, V-158

            signal amplifiers (see audio signal amplifiers)

            sine wave generator, II-564

            squelch, II-394

            switches

                        eight-channel, V-588-589

                        video/audio switch, V-586

            switching/mixing, silent, I-59

            telephone/audio interface, VI-625

            transmitters (see transmitters)

            waveform generators, III-230

audio generators (see sound generators)

audio-operated circuits (see sound-operated circuits)

audio power amplifiers, II-451, III-454, IV-28-33, V-39-51, VI-83-93

            1.5 watt, VI-12 V, VI-84

            6-W, with preamp, III-454

            10-watt, VI-85

            18-W bridge, V-49

            20-W, III-456

            33-W bridge composite, V-46

            40 W, V-41

            50-W, III-451

            70 W, composite, V-44-45

            80-watt IC, VI-91

            90-V 10-A high-power, VI-93

            AF amplifier, VI-92

            audio amplifier, IV-32

            basic design, V-51

            bridge, I-81, V-49, VI-88

            bridge connection of two power op amps, VI-92

            bridge composite, V-46

            bull horn, IV-31

            class-AB amp, VI-86

            complementary amp circuit, VI-91

            composite, 33-W bridge, V-46

                        70 W, V-44-45

                        inverting 10W, V-47

                        noninverting 10W, V-47

            dual, V-42-43

            general-purpose, 5-W, ac, IV-30

            half-watt, single-channel, V-41

            inverting composite, 10W, V-47

            line-operated, VI-86

            linear, fast, high-voltage, V-51

            mini-megaphone, VI-93

            MOSFET, V-47

            noninverting composite 10W, V-47

            op amp, simple design, IV-33

            parallel power op amp, VI-84

            personal-stereo type, V-48

            phono amp, VI-90

            power bridge amp with single-ended output, VI-85

            quasi-complementary, VI-90

            quasi-complementary, split power supplies, VI-89

            receiver audio circuit, IV-31

            RFI-proof, VI-88

            RIAA phono amplifier, VII-89

            stereo amp, IV-29, V-40

            subwoofer amp, V-49, V-50

            vacuum tube amplifier, VI-87

audio signal amplifiers, II-41-47, IV-34-42, V-52-59

            booster, V-58

            compressor, audio, V-57

audio signal amplifiers, constant-volume, V-55

            distribution amplifier, V-59

            dual preamp, V-58

            headphone amplifier, V-53

            headphone amplifier, MET, V-57

            line driver, V-54

            mini-amp, V-55

            phonograph, magnetic pickup, V-58

            tunable-filter design, V-56

            volume limiter, V-59

audio-frequency generator, V-416-417

audio-frequency meter, V-305, V-320

audio to UHF preamp, V-24

audio/video switcher circuit, IV-540-541

auto-advance projector, II-444

autodrum sound effect, II-591

auto-fade circuit, II-42

auto-flasher, I-299

auto-zeroing scale bridge circuits, III-69

automatic gain control (AGC), II-17, VI-1

AGC system for CA3028 IF amp, IV-458

            audio preamp, VI-2

            IF network AGC, VI-3

            low-noise 3-MHz AGC, VI-2

            rf amplifier, wideband adjustable, III-545

            squelch control, III-33

            wide-band amplifier, III-15

automatic level control (ALC), V-60-62, VI-1

            AGC system for audio signals, V-62

            basic design, V-62, VI-3

            digital design, V-61

automotive circuits, II-48-63, III-40-52, IV-43-67, V-63-77, VI-94-104

            accessory-power controller, V-70

            alarms (see also alarms/security circuits), V-1

                        automatic-arming, IV-50

                        automatic turn off, IV-52

                        CMOS design, low-current, IV-56

                        decoy, VI-13

                        horn as loudspeaker, IV-54

                        single-IC design, IV-55

            air conditioner smart clutch, III-46

            alternator/battery monitor, III-63, V-88, VI-97

            alternator regulator, V-76

            AM radio to shortwave converter, IV-500

            amplifier, booster for car stereo, V-72

            analog expanded-scale meter, IV-46

            audio-amplifier, high-power, IV-66, VI-101

            audio amplifier inverter, VI-284

            audio system power supply, VI-103

            back-up beeper, III-49, IV-51, IV-56

            bar-graph voltmeter, II-54

            battery chargers/monitors (see also battery-related circuits)

                        charger, NiCd, I-115

                        condition checker, I-108

                        current analyzer, I-104

                        electric vehicle battery saver, III-67

                        isolator circuit, VI-104

                        monitor, I-106, I-222, III-60-67

                        supply circuit, ± 15 and 5-V, IV-391

            battery cranking-amps tester, V-84

            battery/alternator monitor, V-88

            brake and turn indicator, V-74

            brake lights, V-65

                        delayed extra, III-44

                        flashing, V-69, VI-12

                        flashing third, III-51

                        night-safety light for parked car, IV-61

                        third brake light, IV-60

            burglar alarms, I-3, I-7, I-10, II-2, III-4, III-7, IV-53

            cassette recorder power circuit, IV-548

            cigarette lighter 9-V adapter, VI-97

            courtesy lights

                        delay switch, III-42

                        light extender, III-50

            dc power adapter, V-70

            digi-tach, II-61

            directional signals monitor, III-48

            door ajar monitor, III-46

            electric vehicles, battery saver, III-67

            electrical monitor, VI-96

            electrical tester, IV-45

            electronic circuits, IV-63-67

            engine-block heater reminder, V-74

            exhaust emissions analyzer, II-51

            fan thermostatic switch, V-68

            FM radio diversity antenna, VI-64-65

            fog light controller with delay, IV-59

            fuel gauge, digital readout, IV-46

            fuse monitor, V-77

            garage stop light, II-53

            generator regulator, V-76

            glow-plug driver, II-52

            headlights, IV-57-62

                        alarm, III-52, V-77

                        automatic-off controller, IV-61, V-75

                        delay circuit, I-107, II-59, III-49

                        dimmer, II-57, II-63

                        flasher, V-73

                        monitor, VI-104

                        on-lights reminder, V-74, V-77

                        switching circuit, V-75

            headlight/spotlight control, V-67

            high-speed warning device, I-101

            ice formation alarm, II-58

            ignition circuit, V-64

                        capacitor discharge, VI-102-103

                        cut-off, IV-53

                        electronic ignition, IV-65

                        substitute ignition, III-41

                        timing light, II-60

            immobilizer, II-50

            kill-switch for battery, time-delayed, V-71-72

            light circuits, IV-57-62

            lights-on warning, II-55, III-42, IV-58, IV-60, IV-62

            locator, automobile locator, III-43

            motorcycle alarm, VI-13

                        burglar alarm, VI-15

                        flashing brake light, VI-12

                        headlight monitor, VI-104

                        horn alarm, VI-14, VI-15

                        tune-up aid, VI-359

                        turn-signal system, VI-98

            night-safety light for parked car, IV-61

            oil pressure gauge, digital readout, IV-44, IV-47

            PTC thermistor automotive temperature indicator, II-56

            power supply, VI-483, VI-513

            radio receiver, II-525

            radio WWV converter, V-119

            read-head pre-amplifier, III-44

            road ice alarm, II-57

            security system, I-5, IV-49-56, VI-9, VI-I 1

            spotlight/headlight control, V-67

            stethoscope for automobiles, VI-95

            tachometers, I-94, I-100, I-102, II-175, III-335, III-340, III-347, V-65, VI-98

                        analog readout, IV-280

                        calibrated, III-598

                        closed loop feedback control, II-390

                        digital readout, II-61, III-45, IV-268-269, IV-278

                        dwell meter/tachometer, III-45

                        feedback control, II-378, II-390

                        frequency counter, I-310

                        low-frequency, III-596

                        minimum-component design, I-405

                        motor speed controllers, II-378, II-389

                        optical pick-up, III-347

                        set point, III-47

            temperature gauge

                        digital readout, IV-48

                        PTC thermistor, II-56

            test light, high-Z, VI-104

            thermostatic switch for auto fans, V-68

            turn signals, V-65

                        alarm, VI-100

                        motorcycle, VI-98

                        audible reminder, V-74

                        monitor, III-48

                        sequential flasher for, II-109, III-1

                        smart, V-66-67, VI-99

                        reminder, V-73

            vacuum gauge, digital readout, IV-45

            voltage gauge, IV-47

            voltage regulator, III-48, IV-67

            voltmeter, bargraph, I-99

            water temperature gauge, IV-44

            windshield wiper circuits, I-105, II-55, II-62

                        control circuit, I-103, I-105, II-62

                        delay circuit, II-55, IV-64

                        hesitation control unit, I-105

                        intermittent, dynamic braking, II-49

                        interval controller, IV-67

                        slow-sweep control, II-55

            windshield washer fluid watcher, I-107

            WWV converter for radio, V-119

averaging circuit, VI-324

B

B-field measurer, IV-272

baby monitor, V-370-371

baby-alert transmitter/receiver, V-95-96

back-biased GaAs LED light sensor, II-321

back-EMF PM motor speed control, II-379

backup-light beeper, car, IV-51, IV-56

bagpipe sound effect, IV-521

balance indicator, audio amps, IV-215

balance meter, stereo, V-583

balancer, stereo, I-619

balance amplifiers, III-46

            loudness control in, II-395

balance indicator, bridge circuit, II-82

balun, V-34

band reject filter, active, II-401

bandpass filter (see also filter circuits), II-222, V-180, V-181, VI-220

            0.1 to 10 Hz, I-296

            160 Hz, I-296

            active, II-221, II-223, III-190, VI-210

                        1 kHz, I-284

                        20 kHz, I-297

                        60 dB gain, I-284

                        variable bandwidth, I-286

            amplifier, VI-54

            biquad, I-285, III-188, V-190

            Chebyshev fourth-order, III-191

            high-Q, I-287, V-179

            MFB, multichannel tone decoder, I-288

            multiple feedback, I-285, I-297, II-224

            notch, II-223

            one op-amp design, VI-222

            Sallen-Key, 500 Hz, I-291

            second-order biquad, III-188

            speech-range filter, V-185

            state variable, I-290

            tunable, IV-171

            two op-amp design, VI-216

            variable bandpass, V-184

            variable-frequency, V-186

band switching for receiver, VI-608

bang-bang power controllers, IV-389

bar-code scanner, III-363

bar-expanded scale meter, II-186

bar graphs

ac signal indicator, II-187

voltmeters, II-54, II-99

barricade flasher, I-299

barometer, IV-273, VI-338

bass tone control in stereo amplifier, V-584

bass tuner, II-362

battery-operated equipment (see also battery-related circuits)

            ac power control switch, IV-387

            automatic shutoff, III-61

            bipolar power supply, II-475

            black light, V-281

            buffer amplifier for standard cell, I-351

            calculators/radios/cassette players, power pack, I-509

            cassette deck power circuit, car, IV-548

            fence charger, II-202

            flasher, high-powered, II-229

            lantern circuit, I-380

            light, capacitance operated, I-131

            On indicator, TV-217

            undervoltage indicator for, I-123

            warning light, II-320

battery-related circuits (see also battery-operated equipment), V-82-89

            12-V battery status indicator, VI-120

            AA cells, +5 V/+3.6 V power supply, V-452

            alarm, VI-110-111

            automotive battery isolator, VI-104

            battery-life extenders, IV-72, V-87

                        9V, III-62

                        disconnect switch, IV-75

                        electric vehicles, III-67

            butler, battery butler, VI-I 16-117

            capacity tester, III-66

            car battery/alternator monitor, V-88

            chargers, I-113, II-64, II-69, III-53-59, IV-68-72, V-78-81, VI-105-113, VI-I 18

                        12 V, I-111

                        12-V charger, IV-70

                        200 mA-hour, 12V NiCd, I-114

                        automatic shutoff for, I-113

                        constant voltage, current limited, I-115

                        controller for charger, VI-107

                        current limiter for charger, VI-108

                        intelligent circuit, V-81

                        lead-acid trickle charger, VI-112

                        lithium charger, VI-108, VI-109, VI-112

                        mobile charger, +12 VDC, 0I-71

                        NiCd, I-112, I-116, III-57, VI-109, VI-111, VI-113

                        photoflash capacitor, VI-466

                        rf type, V-79

                        smart charger circuit, VI-106

                        solar-powered, V-81

                        temperature sensing charger, IV-77

                        trickle charger, lead-acid, V-79

            checkers (see battery monitors, below)

            condition checker, I-108, I-121

            control for 12V, I-112

            converter, dc to dc, IV-119

            cranking-amp test circuit, V-84

            current limited 6V, I-118, IV-70

            current monitor, 0-2 A batteries, V-87

            disconnect switch, life-extender, IV-75

            dynamic constant current test, II-75

            fixed power supply, 12-VDC/120-VAC, III-464

            gel cell, II-66

            high-voltage generator, III-482

            indicators (see battery monitors, below)

            internal resistance tester, IV-74

            kill-switch, time-delayed, V-7I-72

            lead/acid, III-55

            level indicator, II-124

            lithium, II-67

                        backup battery replacement, VI-120

                        charge indicator, II-78

            low-battery detection/warning, I-124, II-77, III-56, III-59, III-63, III-65, IV-56, IV-80, VI-118

            low-cost trickle for 12V storage, I-117

            monitors, I-106, I-222, II-74-79, III-60-67, IV-73-80, V-82-83, VI-110-111, VI-114-120

            NiCd batteries, I-118

                        analyzer for, III-64

                        charger, I-112, I-116, III-57, VI-109, VI-111, VI-113

                                    12V, 200mA per hour, I-114

                                    current and voltage limiting, I-114

                                    fast-acting, I-118

                                    portable, IV-69

                                    temperature-sensing, IV-77

                                    thermally controlled, II-68

                        packs, automotive charger for, I-115

                        portable, III-47, IV-69

                        protection circuit, III-62

                        simpli-cad, I-112

                        temperature-sensing charger, IV-77

                        test circuit, IV-79

                        thermally controlled, II-68

                        zappers, I-6, II-66, II-68

            power supply and, 14V, II-73, III-42

            probe for battery charger, VI-118

            protection circuit, NiCds, III-62

            PUT, III-54

            rechargeable LED flashlight, VI-107

            regulator, I-117

            relay fuse, V-88

            reverse polarity protection, VI-30

            saver circuit, V-87

            sensor, quick deactivating, III-61

            simpli-cad, I-112

            solar cell, II-71

            splitter, III-66

            status indicator, II-77

            step-up switching regulator, 6-V, II-78

            supply-voltage monitor, V-85

            test circuits, IV-78, V-83, V-86

                        LED bargraph, V-89

                        NiCd, IV-79

            thermally controlled NiCd, II-68

            threshold indicator, I-124

            UJT, III-56

            undervoltage indicator, I-123, VI-117

            universal battery, III-56, III-58

            versatile battery, II-72

            voltage indicators/monitors, II-79, IV-80, V-86

                        automotive batteries, IV-47

                        detector relay, II-76

                        HTS, I-122

                        regulator, IV-77

                        solid-state design, I-120

            watchdog circuit, V-85

            wind powered, II-70

            zapper, simple NiCd, I-116

Baxandall tone-control audio amp, IV-588

BCD decoder/driver, multiplexed, VI-189

BCD rotary switch, digital, V-160

BCD to analog converter, I-160

BCD to parallel converter, multiplex, I-169

beat-frequency oscillator, VI-452

beacon transmitter, III-683

beep transformer, III-555, III-566

beepers, I-19, III-49, VI-143

bells, electronic (see also alarms; annunciators), I-636, II-33

bench top power supply, II-472

bicycle speedometer, IV-271, IV-282

bilateral current source, III-469

binary counter, II-135

biomedical instrumentation differential amplifier, III-282

bipolar dc-dc converter with no inductor, II-132

bipolar power supply, II-475

bipolar voltage reference source, III-774

biquad audio filter, III-185

            second-order bandpass, III-188

            RC active bandpass, I-285

bird-chirp sound effect, II-588, III-577

bird feeder monitor, V-371

bistable multivibrators, I-133, II-465, VI-228-230, VI-418

            inverter, III-103

            debouncer, IV-108

            flasher, I-299, II-234

            lamp driver, IV-160

            pushbutton. trigger, V-388

            RS flip-flop, I-395

            SCR, II-367

            SR flip-flop, IV-651

            touch-triggered, I-133

            trigger flip-flop, VI-229

            two-amp flip-flop, VI-230

bit grabber, computers, IV-105

black light, battery-operated, V-281

blender-motor control circuit, V-379

blinkers (see flashers and blinkers)

blown-fuse alarm, I-10

boiler control, I-638

bongos, electronic, II-587

boosters

            12 ns, II-97

            ac line voltage boost, V-349

            audio, II-455, III-35, V-58

            booster/buffer for reference current, IV-425

            electronic, high-speed, II-96

            forward-current, III-17

            LED, I-307

            power booster, op amp design, IV-358

            rf amp, broadcast band boost, IV-487

            shortwave FET, I-561

bootstrap circuit, V-356

            source follower, V-20

            cable, I-34

brake lights (see automotive circuits)

brake, PWM speed control/energy recovering, III-380

breakers

            12 ns, II-97

            high-speed electronic, II-96

breaker power dwell meter, I-102

breakout box

            amateur radio, VI-26-27

            buffer, II-120,

breath alert alcohol tester, III-359

breath monitor, III-350

bridge balance indicator, II-82

bridge circuits, I-552, II-80-85, III-68-71, IV-81-83, VI-121-123

            ac, II-81

            ac servo amplifier with, III-387

            accurate null/variable gain circuit, III-69

            air-flow-sensing thermistor, IV-82

            amplifier, 16-watt, VI-85, VI-88, VI-   122, VI-123

            auto-zeroing scale, III-69

            balance indicator, II-82

            bridge transducer amplifier, III-71

            crystal-controlled oscillator, IV-127

            differential amplifier, two op-amp, II-83

            inductance bridge, IV-83

            linearizing function circuit, VI-321

            load driver, audio circuits, III-35

            low-power common source amplifier, II-84

            one-power supply design, IV-83

            QRP SVTR, III-336

            rectifier, fixed power supply, IV-398

            remote sensor loop transmitter, III-70

            rf bridge, V-50-MHz, V-303

            strain gauge signal conditioner, II-85, III-71

            transducer, amplifier for, II-84

            Wheatstone bridge, VI-123

            Wien-bridge (see Wien-bridge)

brightness controls, III-308, III-316

            contrast meter, I-472, II-447

            LED, I-250

            low-loss, I-377

broadband communications (see radio/rf circuits)

buck converter, 5V/0.5A, I-494

buck/boost converter, III-113

bucking regulators

            add 12-V output to 5-V, V-472

            high-voltage, III-481

buffer amplifiers, V-91

            10x, I-128

            100x, I-128

            ac, single supply, I-126, VI-127

            battery powered, standard cell, II-351

            MOSFET design, V-93

            sine wave output, I-126

            VFO design, V-92

buffer, VI-127

            bidirectional design, VI-128

            booster/buffer for reference current, IV-425

            capacitance buffers

                        low-input, III-498

                        stabilized low-input, III-502

            data/clock line serial bus for PCs, V-110

            hex-buffer crystal oscillator, V-136

            high-current, V-92

            input/output, for analog multiplexers, III-11      

            inverting, II-299, IV-90

            microphone buffer amplifier, high-Z, VI-125     

            oscillator buffers, IV-89

            piezoelectric, VI-470

            precision-increasing design, IV-89

            rail to rail single-supply buffer, V-93

            rf amp, buffer amp with modulator, IV-490

            stable, high-impedance, I-128

            unity gain, stable, good speed, high-input impedance, II-6

            VFO buffer amplifier, V-92

            video buffer, III-712, V-93

            volt age follower, VI-127

            wideband buffer, I-127, VI-126

buffered breakout box, II-120

bug detector, III-365, V-150

bug tracer, III-358

bull horn, II-453, IV-31

burglar alarms (see alarms; annunciators; sirens)

burst, generators (see also function generators; sound generators; waveform generators), II-86-90, III-72-74

            multi-, square waveform, II-88

            rf, portable, III-73

            single timer IC square wave, II-89

            single tone, II-87

            strobe tone, II-90

            tone, II-90, III-74

burst power control, III-362

bus interface, eight bit, uP, II-114

Butler oscillator, VI-452

            aperiodic, I-196

            common base, I-191

            crystal, I-182

            emitter follower, II-190-191, II-194

Butterworth filter, VI-220

            fourth-order, 1-kHz, VI-222

            fourth order high-pass, I-280, V-179

            fourth order low-pass, V-180

            order low-pass, V-181

buzzers (see annunciators)

C

cable

            bootstrapping, I-34

            coax cable driver, VI-201

            driver, VI-678

            terminator, positive feedback, VI-388

            test circuit, III-539, V-299

            tester, audio/video cable, VI-144

            tracers, VI-659

            twisted-pair video driver/receiver circuit, VI-682

            two-input video MUX cable driver, VI-197

            video cable driver, VI-200

calibrated circuit, DVM auto, I-714

calibrators

            analog circuits, VI-356

            crystal, 100 kHz, I-185

            electrolytic-capacitor reforming, IV-276

            ESH measurer, IV-279

            oscilloscope, II-433, III-436

            portable, I-644

            square wave, 5-V, I-423

            standard for calibration, I-406

            radio calibrator, V-298

            tester, IV-265

            wave-shaping, high-slew rates, IV-650

cameras (see photography-related circuits; television and video)

canary sound simulator , V-557

canceller, central image, III-358

capacitance buffers

            low-input, III-498

            stabilized low-input, III-502

capacitance controller, digital, V-159

capacitance meters, I-400, II-9I-94, III-75-77, VI-340

            A/D, 3.5 digit, III-76

            capacitance to voltage, II-92

            digital, II-94

capacitance multiplier, I-416, II-200, V-205, V-347

capacitance tester, one-IC design, V-306, VI-358

capacitance to pulse width converter, II-126

capacitance to voltage meter, II-92

capacitor discharge

            high-voltage generator, III-485

            ignition system, II-103

capacitors

            hysteresis compensation, V-353

            programmable, VI-362

capacity tester, battery, III-66

car port, automatic light controller for, II-308

cars (see automotive circuits)

carrier-current circuits (see also radio/rf circuits), III-78-82, IV-9 I -93, V-94-96

            AM receiver, III-81

            audio transmitter, III-79

            baby-alert, receiver/transmitter, V-95, V-96

            data receiver, IV-93

            data transmitter, IV-92

            FM receiver, III-80

            intercom, I-146

            power-line modem, III-82

            receivers, I-141, I-143

            IC, I-146

            single transistor, I-145

            relay, I-575, IV-461

            remote control, I-146

            transmitters, I-144

            IC, I-145

            on/off 200 kHz line, I-142

cascaded amplifier, III-13

cassette bias oscillator, II-426

cassette interface, telephone, III-618

centigrade thermometer, I-655, II-648, II-662

central image canceller, III-358

charge pool power supply, III-469

charge pumps

            positive input/negative output, I-418, III-360

            regulated for fixed power supply, IV-396

chargers (see battery-related circuits, chargers)

chase circuit, I-326, III-197

Chebyshev filters (see also filter circuits)

            bandpass, fourth-order, III-191

            fifth order multiple feedback low-pass, II-219

            high-pass, fourth-order, III-191

chime circuit, low-cost, II-33

chopper circuits

            amplifier, I-350, II-7, III-12

            dc output, V-349

            JFET, V-352

checkers (see measurement /test circuits)

chroma demodulator with RGB matrix, III-716

chug-chug sound generator, III-576

circuit breakers (see also protection circuits)

            12 ns, II-97

            ac, III-512

            high-speed electronic, II-96

            trip circuit, IV-423

circuit protection (see protection circuits)

clamp-on-current probe compensator, II-501

clamp-Limiting amplifiers, active, III-15

clamping circuits

            video signal, III-726

            video summing amplifier and, III-710

Clamp oscillator, VI-458

class-D power amplifier, III-453

clippers, II-394, IV-648

            audio-powered noise, II-396

            audio-clipper/limiter, IV-355

            noise clipper, adjustable, VI-423

            zener design, fast, symmetrical, IV-329

clock circuits, II-100-102, III-83-85, V-97-99, VI-129-131

            60 Hz clock pulse generator, II-102

            adjustable TTL, I-614

            binary clock, V-98-99

            buffer serial bus, V-110

            comparator, I-156

            crystal oscillator, micropower, IV-122

            digital, with alarm, III-84

            gas discharge displays' III-12-hour, I-253

            low-frequency clock, VI-131

            oscillator/clock generator, III-85

            phase lock, 20-MHz to NuBus, III-105

            run-down clock for games, IV-205

            sensor touch switch / clock, IV-591

            set time windows within clock, VI-130

            single op amp, III-85

            source, clock source, I-729

            stepper motors, V-573

            three-phase from reference, II-101

            TTL, wide-frequency, III-85

            Z80 computer, II-121

clock generators

            oscillator, I-615

            precision, I-193

            pulse general or, GO Hz, II-102

clock radio, I-542, I-543

CMOS circuit's

            555 astable true rail to rail square wave generator, II-596

            9-bit, III-167

            coupler, optical, III-414

            crystal oscillator, III-134

            data acquisition system, II-117

            dimmer, V-270

            flasher, III-199

            inverter, linear amplifier from, II-11

            line receiver, V-497

            mixer, I-57

            multivibrators, V-385

            optical coupler, III-414

            oscillator, I-187, I-615, I-199, III-429, III-430, V-420

            piezoelectric driver, V-440

            programmable precision timer, III-652

            short-pulse general or, III-523

            touch switch, I-137

            universal logic probe, III-499

            variable-frequency oscillator (VFO), V-418

coaxial cable

            drivers, coaxial cable, I-266, I-560

            five-transistor pulse booster, II-191

            test circuit, V-299

Cockcroft -Wall on cascaded voltage doubler, IV-635

code-practice oscillators, I-15, I-20, I-22, II-428-431, IV-373, IV-375, IV-376, V-100-103, VI-404-409

            keyer, "bug" type, V-102

            Morse code practice, V-103

            optoisolator design, V-101

            QRP sidetone generator, V-102

            single-transistor design, V-103

            VFO design, V-103

coil drivers, current-limiting, III-173

coin Ripper circuit, III-244

coin toss game, VI-250

color amplifier, video, III-724

color-bar generator, IV-614

color organ, II-583, II-584, V-104-105, VI-193

color video amplifier, I-34

colorimeter, VI-306-307

Colpitts crystal oscillators, I-194, I-572, II-147, V-411, VI-160, VI-458

            I to 20 MHz, IV-123

            frequency checker, IV-301

            harmonic, I-189-190

            two-frequency, IV-127

comb filter, VI-218

combination locks, electronic, II-196

            three-dial, II-195

commutator, four-channel, II-364

companders (see compressor/expander circuits)

comparators, I-157, II-103-112, III-86-90

            demonstration circuit, II-109

            diode feedback, I-150

            display and, II-105

            double-ended limit, II-105, I-156

            dual limit, I-151

            four-channel, III-90

            frequency, II-109, II-110, VI-353

            frequency-detecting, III-88

            high-impedance, I-157

            high-input impedance window comparator, II-108

            high-low-level comparator with one       op amp, II-108

            hysteresis, I-157

                        inverting, I-154

                        noninverting, I-153

            inverting, I-154

            jitter suppression, V-342

            latch and, III-88

            LED frequency, II-110

            limit, I-156, II-104

            low-power, less than 10 uV hysteresis, II-104

            microvolt

                        dual limit, III-89

                        hysteresis, III-88

            monostable using, II-268

            opposite polarity input voltage, I-155

            oscillator, tunable signal, I-69

            power supply overvoltage, glitches detection with, II-107

            precision

                        balanced input/variable offset, III-89

                        photodiode, I-360, I-384

                        time out, I-153

            TTL-compatible Schmitt trigger, II-111

            three-input and gate, op amp design, IV-363

            variable hysteresis, I-149

            voltage comparator, IV-659

            voltage monitor and, II-104

            window, I-152, I-154, II-106, III-87, III-90, III-776-781, IV-656-658, VI-181

compass

            digital design, IV-147

            Hall-effect, III-258

            talking Hall-effect compass, V-221

compensator, clamp-on-current probe, II-501

composite amplifier, II-8, III-13

composite-video signal text adder, III-716

compressor/expander circuits, III-9I-95, IV-94-97

            amplifier/compressor, low-distortion, IV-24

            audio, II-44, V-57

            audio compressor/audio-band splitter, IV-95

            clock circuit, I-156

            guitar, sound-effect circuit, IV-519

            hi-fi, II-12, II-13

            de-emphasis, III-95

            pre-emphasis, III-93

            low-voltage, III-92

            protector circuit, IV-351

            speech, II-2

            universal design, IV-96-97

            variable slope, III-94

computer alarm, I-2

computer circuits (see also interfaces), II-113-122, III-96-108, V-106-110, VI-132-141

            ADC, eight-channel, for PC clones, V-29-30

            analog signal attenuator, III-101

            analog to digital converter for PC, VI-60

            alarm, I-2

            ASCII triplex LCD, 8048/IM8OC48, II-116

            bit grabber, IV-105

            buffered breakout box, II-120

            buffer serial-bus for data/clock lines, V-110

            bus interface, 8-bit uP, II-114

            clock phase lock, 20-MHz to NuBus, III-105

            CMOS data acquisition system, II-117

            contrast and backlight control, high-efficiency, VI-191

            CPU interface, one-shot, IV-23.9

            data acquisition circuit, VI-378

            data separator for floppy disks, II-122

            deglitcher, IV-109

            display, eight-digit, III-106

            dual 8051s execute in lock-step circuit, IV-99

            DVM adapter for PC, V-310

            EEPROM programming doubler circuit, VI-138

            EEPROM pulse generator, 5V-powered, III-99

            eight-channel mux/demux system, II-115

            eight-digit microprocessor display, III-106

            error checker, master/slave device, VI-389

            flash memory programming supply, +12 volt, VI-138

            flip-flop inverter, spare, III-103

            high-speed data acquisition system, II-118

            interface, 680x, 650x, 8080 families, III-98

            interval timer, programmable, II-678

            keyboard matrix interface, IV-240

            laptop computer power supply, V-463

            LCD, CCFL supply with variable contrast, VI-510

            line protectors, 3 uP I/0, IV-101

            logic-level translators, IV-242

            logic line monitor, III-108

            long delay line, logic signals, III-107

            memory/protector power supply monitor, IV-425

            memory saving power supply, II-486

            microcomputer to triac interface, V-244

            microprocessor selected pulse width control, II-116

            modem protector circuit, V-479

            modem/fax protector for two    computers, V-482

            multiple inputs detector, III-102

            one-of-eight channel transmission system, III-100

            oscilloscope digital levels, IV-108

            password protection circuit, V-109, VI-135

            power line modem for computer control, VI-474

            power saver for monitors, VI-139

            power supply for notebook computer, triple-output, VI-512

            power supply watchdog, II-494

            pulse width control, II-116

            printer error alarm, IV-106

            printer port, VI-134-135

            printer sentry, V-107-108

            reset protection, childproof, IV-107

            RGB blue box, III-99

            RS-232, computer-powered, VI-138-139

            RS-232 data selector, automatic, III-97

            RS-232C line-driven CMOS circuits, IV-104

            RS-232 to CMOS line receiver, III-102

            RS-232C LED circuit, III-103

            RS-422 to RS-232 converter, VI-133

            short-circuit sensor, remote data lines, IV-102

            signal attenuator, analog, III-101

            sleep-mode sound-operated circuits, V-547

            socket debugger, coprocessor, III-104

            speech synthesizer for, III-732

            stalled-output detector, IV-109

            supervisory circuit, VI-136

            switch debouncer, IV-105

            auto-repeating, IV-106

            teleprinter loop supply, VI-497

            triac array driver, II-410

            voltage regulator for new microprocessors, VI-566

            Vpp generator for EPROMs, II-114

            wireless RTS keyer with data, VI-136

            XOR gates, IV-107

            up/down counter, III-105

            Z80 bus monitor/debugger, IV-103

            Z80 clock, II-121

contact switch, I-136

continuity testers, I-550, I-551, II-533, II-535, III-345, III-538-540, IV-287, IV-289, IV-296, VI-142-145

            adjustable continuity tester, VI-144

            audible, II-536, V-317, VI-145

            audio/video cable tester, VI-144

            buzz box, I-551

            cable tester, III-539

            latching design, IV-295

            low-resistance circuits, V-319

            ohmmeter, linear, III-540

            PCB, II-342, II-535

            ratiometric, I-550

            RC decade box, V-294-295

            resistance-ratio detector, II-342

            short-circuit beeper, VI-143

            single chip checker, II-534

            visual, V-293

contrast meters, II-447

            automatic, I-472

            brightness controls, I-250, I-377, III-308

control circuits (see fluid and     moisture; light-controlled circuits; motor control circuits; speed controllers; temperature-related circuits; tone controls)

controller circuit, IV-142

conversion and converters, I-503, II-123-132, III-109-122, IV-110-120, V-116-128, VI-146-155

            3 to 5 V regulated output, III-739

            4 to 18 MHz, III-114

            4 to 20 mA current loop, IV-111

            5V to isolated 5V at 20 MA, III-474

            5V to 0.5A buck, I-494

            9 to 5-V converter, IV-119

            12 to 9, 7.5, or 6V, I-508

            12 to 16V, III-747

            28 to 5VDC converter, V-127

            50+ V feed forward switch mode, I-495

            50+ V push-pull switched mode, I-494

            10OMHz, II-130

            100 V to 10.25 A switch mode, I-501

            225-W 15-V output converter, VI-148-149

            800 to 1000 MHz scanner converter, V-122

            ac to dc converters, I-165

                        fixed power supplies, IV-395

                        full-wave, IV-120

                        high-impedance precision rectifier, I-164

            amateur TV downconverter, 420 to 450 MHz, VI-44-45

            amateur TV downconverter, 902 to 928 MHz, VI-40-41

            analog to digital (see analog to digital conversion)

            ATV downconverter, V-125, V-126

            ATV rf receiver/converter, IV-420

            BCD to analog, I-160

            BCD to parallel, multiplexed, I-169

            buck/boost, III-113

            calculator to stopwatch, I-153

            capacitance to pulse width, II-126

            crystal-controlled, one-chip, V-117

            current to frequency, IV-113

                        wide-range, I-164

            current to voltage, I-162, I-165, V-127, VI-154, VI-155

                        grounded bias and sensor, II-126

                        photodiode, II-128

            dc automobile power adapter, V-70

            dc to dc, IV-118, V-119, V-128, VI-164-167

                        1 to 5 V, IV-119

                        3 to 5 V battery, IV-1 19

                        3 to 25 V, III-744, IV-118

                        bipolar, no inductor, II-132

                        fixed 3- to 15-V supply, IV-400

                        isolated + 15V, III-115

                        push-pull, 400 V/60 W, I-2 10

                        regulating, I-210, I-211, II-125, III-121

                        step-up/step-down, III-118

            dc/ac inverter, V-669

            dc/dc converter, V-669

            differential voltage to current converter, VI-153

            digital to analog (see digital to analog conversion)

            direct-conversion 7-MHz receiver, VI-153

            driven flyback converter, VI-150

            fixed power supply, III-470

            flyback, I-211

            self oscillating, I-170, II-128, III-748

            voltage , high-efficiency, III-744

            frequency, I-159, V-123

            frequency to voltage (see frequency to voltage conversion)

            HF receive converter, VI-147

            high to low-impedance, I-41

            intermittent converter, power     saver, IV-112

            IR-pulse to audio converter, V-224

            light intensity to frequency, I-167

            line-voltage to multimeter adapter, V-312

            logarithmic

                        fast-action, I-169

                        temperature-compensated, V-127

            low-frequency, III-111, VI-153

            ohms to volts, I-168

            oscilloscope, I-471

            output to current converter, VI-155

            NTSC to RGB converter, VI-677

            period to voltage, IV-115

            photodiode log converter/transmitter, VI-312

            pico-ampere, 70 V with gain, I-170

            PIN photodiode to frequency, III-120

            polar to rectangular converter/pattern generator, V-288

            polarity, I-166

            positive to negative, III-112, III-113

            power supplies, inductorless, V-456

            pulse height to width, III-119

            pulse train to sinusoid, HI-122

            pulse width to voltage, III-117

            radio beacon converter, IV-495

            rectangle to triangle waveform, IV-116-117

            regulated 15-V 6-V driven, III-745

            resistance to voltage, I-16I-162

            rf converters, IV-494-501

                        ATV receiver/converter, 420 MHz, low-noise, IV-496, IV-497

                        radio beacon converter, IV-495

                        receiver frequency-converter     stage, IV-499

                        SW converter for AM car radio, IV-500

                        two-meter, IV-498

                        up-converter, TVRO subcarrier reception, IV-501

                        VLF converter, IV-497

                        WWV to SW converter, IV-499

                        receiving converter, 220 MHz, IV-500

                        RGB-composite video signals, III-714

                        RMS to dc, I-167, II-129

                        50-MHz thermal, III-117

                        RGB to NTSC, IV-611

                        saw tooth wave converter, IV-114

                        scanner converter, V-800 to 1000 MHz, V-122

                        SCR converter, VI-151

                        shortwave, III-114, V-118

                        simple LF, I-546

                        sine-wave converter, VI-150

                        sine to square wave, I-170, IV-120, V-124, V-125, V-569, V-570

                        square to sine wave, III-118

                        square to triangle wave, TTL, II-123

                        step-down converter, 5-V 5-A, VI-151

                        sync to async, VI-152

                        temperature to digital, V-123, VI-646

                        temperature to frequency, I-168, V-121, VI-639

                        temperature to time, III-632-633

                        transverter, V-2 to 6 meter, V-124

                        triangle to sine wave, II-127

                        TTL to MOS logic, II-125, I-170

                        two-wire to four-wire audio, II-14

                        unipolar to dual voltage supply, III-743

                        video converters

                                    a/d and d/a, IV-610-611

                                    RGB to NTSC, IV-611

                        VLF converters, I-547, V-121

                        rf converter, IV-497

                        voltage (see voltage converters)

                        voltage multipliers, V-668-669

                        WWV converter, V-119, VI-147

                        WWV to SW rf converter, IV-193

cool-down circuit, V-354, V-357

coprocessor socket debugger, III-104

countdown timer, II-680

counters (see also dividers), II-133-139, III-123-130, V-129-133

            analog circuit, II-137

            attendance, II-138

            binary, II-135

            divide-by-N

                        1+ GHz, IV-155

                        1.5+ divide-by-n, IV-156

                        CMOS programmable, I-257

                        7490-divided-by-n, IV-154

            divide-by-odd number, IV-153

            event counter, VI-369

            frequency counters, VI-360

                        2 MHz, V-130-131

                        10 MHz, V-132-133

                        preamp, V-24

            frequency dividers, I-258, II-251, II-254, III-213-218, III-340, III-768

                        1.2 GHz, III-129

                        10-MHz, III-126

                        clock input, IV-151

                        decade, I-259

                        divide-by-1.5, III-216

                        low-cost, III-124

                        low-frequency, II-253

                        preamp, III-128

                        programmable, IV-152-153

                        staircase generator and, I-730

                        tachometer and, I-310

            fringe counter, VI-300

            Geiger, I-536-537, V-217-219

            microfarad counter, IV-275

            minimum/maximum selector, four-input, V-332

            odd-number divider and, III-217

            preamplifier, oscilloscope, III-438

            precision frequency, I-253

            programmable, low-power wide-range, III-126

            ring counters

                        20 kHz, II-135

                        incandescent lamp, I-301

                        low-cost, I-301

                        low-power pulse circuit, IV-437

                        SCR, III-195

                        variable timing, II-134

            time base, function generators, 1 Hz, IV-201

            universal

                        10-MHz, I-255, II-139

                        40-MHz, III-127

            up/down counters

                        8-digit, II-134

                        extreme count freezer, III-125

                        XOR gate, III-105

coupler circuits

            linear couplers

                        ac analog, II-412

                        analog, II-413

                        dc, II-411

                        optocoupler, instrumentation, II-417

            optical couplers/optocouplers, V-407

                        CMOS design, / III-414

                        interface circuits, V-406-407

                        linear, instrumentation, II-417

                        stable, II-409

                        TTL design, III-416

                        photon, II-412

                        RF line sampler/coupler, VI-30

                        transmitter oscilloscope for CB signals, I-473

courtesy lights (see automotive circuits)

craps game, VI-245

CRO doubler, III-439

cross fader, II-312

cross-hatch generator, color TV, Ill-724

crossover networks, II-35

            5V, I-518

            ac/dc lines, electronic, I-515

            active, I-172

            asymmetrical third order Butterworth, I-173

            electronic circuit for, II-36

crowbars, I-516

            electric, III-510

            electronic, II-99

            SCR, II-496

            voltage regulator, variable, with crowbar limiting, VI-515

crystal oscillators (see also oscillators), I-180, I-183-185, I-195, I-198, II-140-151, III-13I-140, IV-12I-128, V-134-140, VI-156-160

            I to 20 MHz, TTL design, IV-127

            I to 4 MHz, CMOS design, IV-125

            10 MHz, II-141

            10 to 150 kHz, IV-125

            10 to 80 MHz, IV-125

            50 to 150 MHz, IV-126

            96 MHz, I-179

            150 to 30, 000 kHz, IV-126

            330 MHz, IV-125

            activity tester, V-138

            amplifier, tuned, VI-57

            aperiodic, parallel-mode, I-196

            basic design, V-135

            bridge, crystal-controlled, IV-127

            Butler oscillator, I-182

            calibrator, 100 kHz, I-185, IV-124

            ceramic, 10 MHz, varactor tuned, II-141

            clock, micropower design, IV-122

            CMOS crystal oscillators, I-187, Ill-134

                        1 to 4 MHz, IV-125

            Colpitts crystal oscillators, I-194, I-572, II-147, VI-160

                        I to 20 MHz, IV-123

                        frequency checker, IV-301

                        harmonic, I-189-190

                        two-frequency, IV-127

            crystal-controlled oscillator as, II-147

            crystal-stabilized IC timer for subharmonic frequencies, II-151

            crystal tester, I-178, I-186, II-151

            dc-switched, VI-159

            doubler and, I-184

            easy start-up, III-132

            FET, 1 MHz, II-144

            FET quartz crystal oscillator, VI-157

            FET VXO, VI-157

            FM capable, VI-158

            frequency adjustable, VI-159

            frequency doubler, VI-160

            fundamental-frequency, III-132

            Hartley oscillator, V-140

            hex-buffer, V-136

            high-frequency, I-175, II-148

            high-frequency signal generator as, II-150

            IC-compatible, II-145

            impedance checker, V-136

            LO for SSB transmitter controlled by, II-142

            low-frequency, I-184, II-146, V-135

            10 kHz to 150 kHz, II-146

            low-noise, II-145

            marker generator, III-138

            mercury cell crystal-controlled oscillator as, II-149

            OF-1 HI oscillator, international, I-197

            OF-I LO oscillator, international, I-189

            overtone oscillators, I-176, I-177, I-180, I-183, I-186, II-146, III-146

                        50 MHz to 100 MHz, I-181

                        100 MHz, IV-124

                        crystal, I-176, I-180, II-146

                        crystal switching, I-183

                        fifth-overtone, I-182

                        third-overtone oscillator, IV-123

            Pierce oscillator, V-140

                        1-MHz, III-134

                        crystal, I-195, II-144

                        harmonic, I-199, II-192

                        JFET, I-198

                        low-frequency, III-133

            quartz, two-gate, III-136

            radio detector, VI-182

            reflection oscillator, crystal-controlled, III-136

            Schmitt trigger, I-181

            signal source controlled by, II-143

            sine-wave oscillator, I-198

            stable low-frequency, I-198

            standard, 1 MHz, I-197

            temperature-compensated, I-187, II-142, III-137

            test circuit, V-139

            third-overtone, I-186, IV-123

            time base, III-133, IV-128, V-137, V-138

            TTL design, I-179, IV-12 7

            TTL-compatible, I-197

            transistorized, I-188

            tube-type, I-192

            UJT 100-kHz calibration oscillator, VI-157

            VHF crystal oscillator, III-138-140

            voltage-controlled (VCO), III-135, IV-124

            wide-range, V-139

crystal radio receiver, VI-549, VI-557

crystal switching, overtone oscillator with, I-183

current analyzer, auto battery, I-104

current booster, I-30, I-35

current collector head amplifier, II-11, II-295

current feedback amp, 100 m-A at 100 MHz, V-25

current limiter, V-146

            foldback current, VI-477

            inrush current, V-358

            regulator, VI-478

current loops

            4 to 20-n-LA converter, IV-111

            controller, SCR design, IV-387

current meters and monitors, I-203, II-152-157, III-255, III-338, IV-284, V-144-146, VI-259, VI-355

            alarm and current monitor, III-338

            ac current indicator, IV-290

            current sensing in supply rails, II-153

            electrometer amplifier with overload protection, II-155

            Hall-effect sensors, III-255, IV-284

            high-gain current sensor, IV-291

            line-current monitor, III-341

            picoammeter, I-202, II-154, II-157, III-338

                        guarded input, II-156

            range ammeter, six-decade, II-153, II-156

current probe, VI-521

current readout, rf, I-22

current regulators, op amp, VI-430, VI-489

current sensing, supply rails, II-153

current sink, I-206

            1 mA for fixed power supplies, IV-402

            voltage-controlled, IV-629

current sources, I-205, I-697, V-14I-143, VI-16I-163, VI-332, VI-335

            0 to 200-nA, IV-327

            bilateral, I-694-695, III-469, V-143

            bipolar sources

                        inverting, I-697

                        noninverting, I-695

                        constant, I-697, III-472

            fixed power supplies

                        bootstrapped amp, IV-406

                        differential-input, fast-acting, IV-405

                        low-current source, IV-399

            generator, VI-162

            limiter, V-146

            low-resistance measurements, V-142

            multiple fixed current source, VI-163

            negative, V-143

            offset-adjusting, V-145

            positive, V-142

            precision, I-205, I-206

            regulator, variable power supply, III-490

            variable power supplies, voltage-programmable, IV-420

            voltage-controlled, III-468, VI-162, VI-163

current-limiting regulator, V-458

current-shunt amplifiers, III-21

current to frequency converter, IV-113

            wide range, I-164

current to voltage amplifier, high-speed, I-35

current to voltage converter, I-162, I-165, V-127, VI-154, VI-155

            grounded bias and sensor in, II-126

            photodiode, II-128

curve tracer, V-300

            diodes, IV-274

            FET, I-397

CW-related circuits

            audio filter, VI-29, VI-405

            CW/SSB receiver, 80- and 40-meter, V-499

            filter, razor sharp, II-219

            identifier, VI-24, VI-408

            keying circuits, IV-244

            offset indicator, IV-213

            SSB/CW product detector, IV-139

            transceiver, 5 W, 80-meter, IV-602

            transmitters

                        I-W, III-678

                        6-W 40-M, VI-664

                        20-M low-power, V-649

                        40-M, III-684, V-648

                        902-MHz, III-686

                        HF low-power, IV-601

                        keying circuit, VI-22-23

                        one-watt, VI-27

                        QRP, III-69

                        ultrasonic transceiver, VI-669

cyclic A/D converter, II-30

D

dark-activated (see light-controlled circuits)

darkroom equipment (see photography-related circuits)

Darlington amplifier, push-pull, V-22

Darlington regulator, variable power supplies, IV-421

Darlington transistor oscillator, VI-455

data-manipulation circuits, IV-129-133

            acquisition circuits, IV-131, VI-378

            CMOS system, II-117

            four-channel, I-421

            high-speed system, II-118

            analog-signal transmission isolator, IV-133

            link, IR type, I-341

            prescaler, low-frequency, IV-132

            read-type. circuit, 5 MHz, phase-encoded, II-365

            receiver, carrier-current circuit design, IV-93

            receiver/message demuxer, three-wire, IV-130

            selector, RS-232, III-97

            separator, floppy disk, II-122

            transmission circuits, IV-92

dc adapter/transceiver, hand-held, III-461

dc generators, high-voltage, III-481

dc motors (see also motor control circuits)

            direction control, I-452

            driver controls

                        fiberoptic control, II-206

                        fixed speed, III-387

                        servo, bipolar, II-385

                        reversible, II-381, III-388

                        speed control, I-452, I-454, III-377, III-380, III-388

dc restorer, video, III-723

dc servo drive, bipolar control input, II-385

dc static switch, II-367

dc to ac inverter, V-247, V-669

dc to dc conversion, IV-118, V-669, VI-164-167

            I to 5 V, IV-119

            3 to 5 V battery, IV-119

            3 to 25 V, III-744, IV-118

            3.3- and 5-V outputs, V-128

            3 A, no heatsink, V-119

            bipolar, no inductor, II-132

            fixed 3- to 15-V supply, IV-400

            isolated, VI-165

            isolated +15V, III-115

            negative step-up converter, VI-166

            push-pull, 400 V/60 W, I-210

            regulating, I-210, I-211, II-125, III-121

            step-up/step-down, III-118

            ultra low-power for personal communications, VI-166

dc to dc inverter, VI-285

dc to dc SNIPS variable power supply, II-480

debouncers, III-692, IV-105, V-316, VI-387, VI-613, VI-614

            auto-repeat, IV-106

            computer applications, IV-105, IV-106, IV-108

            flip-flop, IV-108

debugger, coprocessor sockets, III-104

decibel level detector, audio, with meter driver, III-154

decoders, II-162, III-14I-145, VI-168-171

            10.8 MHz FSK, I-214

            24-percent bandwidth tone, I-215

            BCD decoder/driver, multiplexed, VI-189

            direction detector, III-144

            DTMF decoder, VI-169

            dual-tone, I-215

            encoder and, III-144

            FM stereo decoder, VI-170

            frequency division multiplex stereo, II-169

            PALINTSC, with RGB input, III-717

            radio control receiver, I-574

            SCA, I-214, III-166, III-170

            second-audio program adapter, III-142

            sound-activated, III-145

            stereo TV, II-167

            time division multiplex stereo, II-168

            tone alert, I-213

            tone dial, I-630, I-631

            tone decoders, I-231, III-143, VI-170

                        24% bandwidth, I-215

                        dual time constant, II-166

                        relay output, I-213

                        tone-dial decoder, I-630, I-631

            video, NTSC to RGB, IV-613

            video line decoders, VI-171

            weather-alert detector/decoder, IV-140

deglitcher circuit, IV-109, V-336-337

delay circuits/ delay units, III-146-148, V-147-148, VI-172-173

adjustable, III-148

            analog delay line, echo and reverb effects, IV-21

            door chimes, I-218

            echo and reverb effects, analog delay line, IV-21

            exit delay for burglar alarms, V-10

            headlights, I-107, II-59

            leading-edge, III-147

            long duration time. I-217, I-220

            power-on delay, V-148

            precision solid state, I-664

            pulse, dual-edge trigger, III-147

            pulse generator, II-509

            relay, ultra-precise long time, II-211

            timed delay, I-668, II-220

            time-delay generator, VI-173

            constant-current charging, II-668

            windshield wiper delay, I-97, II-55

demodulators, II-158-160, III-149-150

            5V FM, I-233

            12V FM, I-233

            565 SCA, III-150

            AM demodulator, II-160

            chroma, with RGB matrix, III-716

            FM demodulator, I-544, II-161, V-151, V-155

            narrow-band, carrier detect, II-159

            linear variable differential transformer driver, I-403

            LVDT demodulators, II-337, III-323-324

            stereo, II-159

            telemetry, I-229

demonstration comparator circuit, II-109

demultiplexers (see also multiplexers), III-394

            differential, I-425

            eight-channel, I-426, II-115

descramblers, II-162

            gated pulse, II-165

            outband, II-164

            sine wave, II-163

derived center-channel stereo system, IV-23

detect-and-hold, circuit, peak, I-585

detectors (see fluid and moisture; light-controlled circuits; motion and proximity; motor control circuits; peak detectors; smoke detectors; speed controllers; temperature-related circuits; tone controls; zero-crossing)

deviation meter, IV-303

dial pulse indicator, telephone, III-613

dialers, telephone

            pulse-dialing telephone, IH-610

            pulse/tone, single-chip, III-603

            telephone-line powered repertory, I-633

            tone-dialing telephone, III-607

dice, electronic, I-325. III-245, IV-207

differential amplifiers, I-38, III-14, V-18, V-21, VI-185-287

            high-impedance, I-27, I-354

            high-input high-impedance, II-19

            instrumentation, I-347, III-283

            instrumentation, biomedical, III-282

            oscilloscopes, VI-463

            programmable gain, III-507

            two op amp bridge type, II-83

            wide input common-mode range, VI-53

differential analog switch, I-622

differential capacitance measurement circuit, II-665

differential hold, I-589, II-365

differential multiplexers

demultiplexer, I-425

wide band, I-428

differential thermometer, II-661, III-638

differential voltage or current alarm, II-3

differentiators, I-423, V-347

            negative-edge, I-419

            positive-edge, I-420

digital-capacitance meter, II-94

digital-IC, tone probe for testing, II-504

digital-frequency meter, III-344

digital-logic probe, III-497

digital audio tape (DAT), ditherizing circuit, IV-23

digital circuits, V-156-160

            audio selector, V-158

            BCD rotary switch, V-160

            capacitance control, V-159

            entry lock, V-157

            inverters, V-246

            potentiometer control, V-158

            resistance control, V-159

digital multimeter (DMM), IV-291, V-291

digital voltmeters (DVM), III-4

            3.5-digit, I-713, III-761

            3.75-digit, I-711

            4.5-digit, I-717, III-760

            auto-calibrate circuit, I-714

            automatic nulling, I-712

            calibrated circuit, DVM auto, I-714

            interface and temperature sensor, II-647

            LED readout, IV-286

digital to analog converters, I-241, II-179-181, III-163-169, V-120

            0-to -5V output, resistor terminated, I-239

            3-digit, BCD, I-239

            8-bit, I-240-241

            high-speed, I-240

            output current to voltage, I-243

            to 12-bit, two, II-180

            9-bit, CMOS, III-167

            10-bit, I-238

            4-quad, offset binary coding, multiplying, I-241

            +10V full scale bipolar, I-242

            +10V full scale unipolar, I-244

            12-bit binary two's complement, III-166

            DAC, VI-149

            precision, I-242

            variable step size, II-181

            14-bit binary, I-237

            16-bit binary, I-243

            fast voltage output, I-238

            high-speed voltage output, I-244

            multiplying, III-168

            octal converter, V-350

            output amplifier, four-channel, III-165

            video converter, IV-610-611

digitizer, tilt meter, III-644-646

dimmer switches, I-369, II-309, IV-247, IV-249, VI-377

            800 W, II-309

            dc lamp, II-307

            four-quadrant, IV-248-249

            halogen lamps, III-300

            headlight, II-57, II-63

            low-cost, I-373

            soft-start, 800-W, I-376, III-304

            tandem, II-312

            triac, I-375, II-310, III-303

diode emitter driver, pulsed infrared, II-292

diode tester, I-402, II-343, III-402

            go/no-go, I-401

            zener diodes, I-406

diode-matching circuit, IV-280

dip meters, I-247, II-182-183

            basic grid, I-247

            dual gate IGFET, I-246

            little dipper, II-183

            varicap tuned FET, I-246

diplexer/mixer, IV-335

direction detectors/finders, IV-146-149

            compasses

                        digital design, IV-147

                        Hall effect, III-258

                        talking Hall effect, V-221

            decoder, III-144

            directional-signals monitor, auto, III-48

            optical direction discriminator, V-408

            thermally operated, IV-135

            radio-signal direction finder, IV-148-149

direction-of-rotation circuit, III-335

directional-signals monitor, auto, III-48

disco strobe light, II-610

discrete current booster, II-30

discrete sequence oscillator, III-421

discriminators

            multiple-aperture, window, III-781

            pulse amplitude, III-356

            pulse width, II-227

            window, III-776-781

display circuits, II-184-188, III-170-171, V-161-167, VI-188-195

            3-6 digit DVM common anode, II-713

            60 dB dot mode, II-252

            audio, LED bar peak program meter, II-254

            bar-graph indicator, ac signals, II-187

            bar-graph level gauge, VI-192

            bar graph room temperature, VI-641

            BCD decoder/driver, multiplexed, VI-189

            brightness control, III-316

            cascaded counter/display driver, V-163

            color organ, VI-193

            color shifting LED display, VI-189

            common cathode, 4033-based, V-162

            common-anode, V-167

            comparator and, II-105

            contrast and backlight control, high-efficiency, VI-191

            exclamation point, II-254

            expanded scale meter, dot or bar, II-186

            fluorescent tube, V-167

            gas-discharge tube, V-167

            LCD

                        7-segment, V-165

                        contrast temperature compensator, VI-195

                        large-size, V-164

            LED

                        7-segment, V-166

                        audio, peak program meter, II-254

                        bargraph driver, VI-195

                        Christmas lights, VI-225

                        common-cathode, V-167

                        driver, II-188

                        leading-zero suppressed, V-165

                        two-variable, III-171

            oscilloscope, eight-channel voltage, III-435

            stereo level display, VI-190

            voice level meter, VI-194

dissolver, lamp, solid-state, III-304

distribution circuits, II-35

distribution amplifiers

            audio, I-39, II-39, V-59

            signal, I-39

ditherizer, VI-377

dividers, IV-150-156

            binary chain, I-258

            divide-by-2-or-3 circuit, IV-154

            divide-by-N

                        1+ GHz, IV-155

                        1.5+ divide-by-n, IV-156

                        CMOS programmable, I-257

                        7490-divided-by-n, IV-154

            divide-by-odd number, IV-153

            frequency dividers, I-258, II-251, II-254, III-213-218, III-340, III-768, V-343

                        1.2 GHz, III-129

                        10-MHz, III-126

                        clock input, IV-151

                        decade, I-259

                        divide-by-1.5, III-216

                        low-cost, III-124

                        low-frequency, II-253

                        preamp, III-128

                        programmable, IV-152-153

                        staircase generator and, I-730

                        tachometer and, I-310

            mathematical, one trim, III-326

            multiplier/divider, one-quadrant, VI-318

            multiplier/divider, variable analog, VI-322

            odd-number counter and, III-217

            pulse, non-integer programmable, II-511, III-226

Dolby noise reduction circuits, III-399, VI-421

            decode mode, III-401

            encode mode, III-400

doorbells/chimes (see annunciators)

door-open alarm, II-284, III-46, III-256

door opener, III-366

door minder security circuit, V-5

dot-expanded scale meter, II-186

double-sideband suppressed-carrier modulator, III-377

            rf, II-366

doublers

            0 to 1 MHz, II-252

            150 to 300 MHz, I-314

            audio-frequency doubler, IV-16-17

            broadband frequency, I-313

            CRO, oscilloscope, III-439

            crystal oscillator, I-184

            EEPROM programming doubler circuit, VI-138

            frequency, I-313, III-215, VI-369, VI-160

                        broadband, I-313

                        digital, III-216

                        GASFET design, IV-324

                        single-chip, III-218

                        low-frequency, I-314

            voltage doublers, III-459, IV-635

                        cascaded, Cockcroft-Walton, IV-635

                        triac-controlled, III-468

downbeat-emphasized metronome, III-353-354

downconverter, ATV, VI-40-41, VI-44-45

drivers and drive circuits, I-260, II-189-193, III-172-175, IV-157-160, VI-196-202

            50 ohm, I-262

            alarm driver, high-power, V-2

            bar-graph driver

                        LED, II-188

                        transistorized, IV-213

            BCD decoder/driver, multiplexed, VI-189

            BIFET cable, I-264

            bridge loads, audio circuits, III-35

            cable driver, VI-678

            capacitive load, I-263

            Christmas lights driver, IV-254

            coaxial cable, I-266, I-560, VI-201

            five-transistor pulse boost, II-191

            coil, current-limiting, III-173

            CRT deflection yoke, I-265

            demodulator, linear variable differential transformer, I-403

            diode-emitter driver, II-292

            FET driver, IV-241

            fiberoptic, 50-Mb/s, III-178

            flash slave, I-483

            glow-plug, II-52

            high-impedance meter, I-265

            high-impedance relay driver, VI-570

            indicator lamp driver, III-413

            instrumentation meter, II-296

            lamp drivers, I-380

                        flip-flop independent design, IV-160

                        low-frequency flasher/relay, I-300

                        optical coupling, III-413

                        neon lamps, I-379

                        short-circuit-proof, II-310

            laser driver

                        high speed, I-263

                        IC-based, VI-296

                        op-amp circuit, VI-295

                        pulsed double-heterostructure laser, VI-296

                        single heterostructure diode, VI-290

            latching relay driver, VI-571

            LED drivers

                        bar graph, II-188, VI-195

                        emitter/follower, IV-159

            line drivers, I-262

                        50-ohm transmission, II-192

                        600-ohm balanced, II-192

                        audio, V-54

                        impedance-matched with 75 Ohm load, VI-197

                        low-distortion composite 100mA, VI-200

            line-synchronized, III-174

            load drivers

                        audio, III-35

                        timing threshold, III-648

            LVDT demodulator and, II-337, III-323-324

            meter drivers, II-296

                        rf amplifier, 1 -MHz, III-545

            microprocessor triac array, II-410

            MOSFET driver

                        current booster, VI-368

                        high-side, VI-199

            motor drivers (see motor control, drivers)

            multiplexer, high-speed line, I-264

            neon lamp, I-379, VI-198

            op amp power driver, IV-158-159

            optoisolated, high-voltage, III-482

            piezoelectric driver, V-440, VI-470

                        555 oscillator, V-441

                        CMOS, V-440

                        micropositioner, V-440

                        full rail excursions in, II-190

                        high-output 600-ohm, II-193

                        synchronized, III-174

                        video amplifier, III-710

            power driver, op amp, IV-158-159

            pulse echo driver, VI-380

            pulsed infrared diode emitter, II-292

            relay, I-264

                        delay and controls closure time, II-530

                        low-frequency, I-300

                        with strobe, I-266

            RIAA line amplifier/driver, VI-77

            rf drivers, low-distortion, II-538

            RS-232C, low-power, III-175

            shield/line driver, high-speed, VI-198

            shift register, I-418

            solenoid, I-265, III-57I-573, VI-202

            SSB, low-distortion 1.6 to 30 MHz, II-538

            stepping motor, II-376, III-390, IV-349, IV-350

            stereo line driver, VI-198

            test driver for hobby servos, VI-197

            three-phase motor driver, II-383

            totem-pole, with bootstrapping, III-175

            transformer driver, I-403

            transistor relay driver, VI-571

            triac array driver, II-410

            twisted-pair video driver/receiver circuit, VI-682

            two-input video MUX cable driver, VI-197

            two-phase motor driver, I-456, II-382

            ultra low distortion 50-mA driver, VI-201

            VCO driver, op-amp design, IV-362

            video driver, VI-683

            video cable driver, VI-200

drop-voltage recovery for long-line systems, IV-328

drum sound effect, II-591

DTMF decoder, VI-169

dual-tone decoding, II-620

dual-tracking regulator, III-462

duplex line amplifier, telephone, III-616

duty-cycle related circuits

            555 circuit, VI-446

            detector, IV-144

            meter, IV-275

            monitor, III-329

            multivibrator, 50-percent, III-584

            oscillators, VI-438, VI-446

            50-percent, III-426

            variable, fixed-frequency, III-422

DVM adapter for V-110

dwell meters

            breaker point, I-102

            digital, III-45

E

ear protector, V-482

eavesdropper, telephone, wireless, III-620

ECG amplifiers with right leg drive, VI-354

echo effect, analog delay line, IV-21

edge detector, I-266, III-157

EEPROM pulse generator, 5V-powered, III-99

EKG simulator, three-chip, III-350

elapsed-time timer, II-680

electric-fence charger, II-202

electric-vehicle battery saver, III-67

electrolytic-capacitor reforming circuit, IV-276

electromagnetic-field sensor, V-308

electrometer, IV-277

            amplifier, overload protected, II-155

electroscope, VI-341

            ion-sensing, VI-287

electrostatic detector, III-337

ELF monitor, VI-336

emergency fights, I-308, I-378, IV-250

emissions analyzer, automotive exhaust, II-51

emitter-follower circuit, complementary/bilateral ac, V-353

emulators, II-198-200

            capacitance multiplier, II-200

            JFET ac coupled integrator, II-200

            resistor multiplier, II-199

            simulated inductor, II-199

encoders

            decoder and, III-14

            telephone handset tone dial, I-634, III-613

            tone encoders, I-67, I-629

            two-wire, II-364

            two-tone, V-629

enlarger timer, II-446, III-445

envelope detectors, III-155

            AM signals, IV-142

            full-wave, V-152

            low-level diodes, IV-141

envelope generator/modulator, musical, IV-22

EPROM, vpp generator for, II-114

equalizers, I-671, IV-18

            octave equalizer, V-353

            ten-band, graphic, active filter in, II-684

            ten-band, octave, III-658

            video equalizers, VI-681

equipment-on reminder, I-121

error checker, master/slave device, VI-389

event counter, VI-369

exhaust emissions analyzer, II-51

exit delay for burglar alarms, V-10

expanded-scale meters

            analog, III-774

            dot or bar, II-186

expander circuits (see compressor/expander circuits)

experimenter's power source, VI-507, VI-511

extended-play circuit, tape-recorders, III-600

extractor, square-wave pulse, III-584

F

555 timer circuits (see also timers)

            alarm based on 555 timer, V-11

            astable, low-duty cycle, II-267

            beep transformer, III-566

            dual flasher, VI-225

            duty cycle oscillator, VI-446

            FM modulator, V-367

            integrator to multiply, II-669

            missing-pulse detector, V-152

            monostable multivibrator, VI-700

            output indicator, LED, VI-260

            ramp generator, V-203

            RC audio oscillator from, II-567

            square wave generator using, II-595

fader circuits, II-42, II-312, IV-17, V-658

fail-safe semiconductor alarm, III-6

fans

            infrared heat-controlled fan, IV-226

            speed controller, automatic, III-382

            thermostatic switch, V-68

Fahrenheit thermometer, I-658

fault monitor, single-supply, III-495

fax circuits, V-171-173

            modem/fax protector for two computers, V-482

            fax/telephone switch, remote-controlled, IV-552-553

feedback oscillator, I-67

fence chargers, II-201-203

            battery-powered, II-202

            electric, II-202

            solid-state, II-203

FET circuits

            amplifier, offset gate bias, V-22

            crystal oscillators, VI-157

            dc controlled switch, V-592

            hexFET switch, V-592, V-593

            dual-trace scope switch, II-432

            input amplifier, II-7

            microphone mixer, V-363, V-364

            preamp for phono cartridge, VI-79

            probe, III-501

            voltmeter, III-765, III-770

fiberoptics, II-204-207, III-176-181, VI-206-207

            data receiver, VI-207

            data transmitter, VI-207

            driver, LED, 50-Mb/s, III-178

            interface for, II-207

            LED lightwave communications receiver, VI-310

            LED lightwave communications transmitter, VI-309

            link, I-268, I-269, I-270, III-179

            motor control, dc, II-206

            receivers

                        10 MHz, II-205

                        50-Mb/s, III-181

                        digital, III-178

                        high-sensitivity, I-270

                        low-cost, 100-M baud rate, III-180

                        low-sensitivity, I-271

                        very-high-sensitivity, low-speed, 3nW, I-269

            repeater, I-270

            speed control, II-206

            transmitter, III-177

            field disturbance sensor/alarm, II-507

field-strength meters, II-208-212, III-182-183, IV-164-166, V-174-176

            1.5-150 MHz, I-275

            adjustable sensitivity indicator, I-II-403

            amplified field, V-175

            high-sensitivity, II-211

            LF or HF, II-212

            microwave, low-cost, I-273

            remote, V-175

            rf sniffer, II-2 10

            sensitive, I-274, III-183

            signal-strength meter, IV-166

            simple design, three versions, V-176

            transmission indicator, II-211

            tuned, I-276

            UHF fields, IV-165

            untuned, I-276

filter circuits, II-213-224, III-184-192, IV-167-177, V-177-191, VI-208-222

            active (see active filters)

            analog, programmable, VI-215

            antialiasing/sync-compensation, IV-173

            audio filters

                        biquad, I-292-293, III-185

                        tunable, IV-169

            audio range filter, V-190

            bandpass (see bandpass filters)

            bandpass amplifier, VI-54

            band-reject, active, II-401

            biquad, I-292-293

                        audio, I-292-293, III-185

                        RC active bandpass, I-285, V-190

            bridge filter, twin-T, programmable, II-221

            Butterworth

                        active, VI-220

                        fourth-order, I-kHz, VI-222

                        high-pass, fourth-order, I-280, V-179

                        low-pass, fourth-order, V-180, V-181

            Chebyshev (see Chebyshev filters)

            comb filter, digital, VI-218

            combination filter, VI-212

            CW filter, II-219, VI-29, VI-405

            dynamic filter, III-190

            four-output filter, V-182

            full wave rectifier and averaging, I-229, V-191

            high-pass (see high-pass filters)

            highpass amplifier, VI-49

            IF filters

                        narrow-band, V-189

                        shortwave receiver, VI-212

            L filters, V-181

            low-pass (see low-pass filters)

            lowpass amplifier, VI-49

            LP filter, active, VI-215

            networks of, I-291

            noise, dynamic, III-190

            noisy signals, III-188

            notch filters, I-283, II-397-403, III-402-404 -4.5 MHz, I-282

                        550 Hz, II-399

                        1800 Hz, II-398

                        active band reject, II-401

                        adjustable Q, II-398, V-179

                        audio, II-400

                        bandpass and, II-223

                        high-Q, III-404, V-178, VI-213, VI-217, VI-220

                        RC, VI-221

                        selectable bandwidth, I-281

                        three-amplifier design, I-281

                        tunable, II-399, II-402, V-179

                        passive-bridged differentiator, hum-suppressing, I-280

                        op amp, II-400

                        twin T notch for 1 kHz, V-183

                        twin-T, III-403

                        shortwave receivers , V-185

                        Wien bridge, II-402

            passive L filters, V-181

            passive PI filters, V-181

            passive T filters, V-190

            Pi filters, V-181

            PIN diode filter selection circuits, VI-213

            programmable, twin-T bridge, II-221

            rejection, I-283

            ripple suppressor, IV-175, IV-396

            rumble, III-192, III-660, IV-175

                        LM387 in, I-297

                        turntable, IV-170

            rumble/scratch, III-660

            Sallen-Key filters

                        10 kHz, I-279

                        500 Hz bandpass, I-291

                        current-driven, V-189

                        high-pass, VI-209

                        low-pass, active, IV-177, VI-221

                        low-pass, equal component, I-292

            saw-filter impedance-matching preamp, VI-222

            scratch filters, III-189, III-660, IV-175

            LM287 in, I-297

            second-order voltage-controlled, VI-211

            shortwave AM broadcast trap, VI-214

            shortwave interference trap, VI-214

            simulated inductor, V-180

            speech filters

                        bandpass, 300 Hz 3 kHz, I-295

                        second-order, 300 to 3, 400 Hz, IV-174

                        two-section, 300 to 3, 000 Hz, IV-174

            speech-range filter, bandpass, V-185

            state-variable filters, II-215, III-189, VI-209, VI-216

                        multiple outputs, III-190

                        second-order, 1 kHz, Q/10, I-293

                        universal, I-290

            T filters, V-190

            tone filter, V-1 kHz, V-191

            turbo, glitch free, III-186

            twin-T bridge filter, II-221

            Wien-bridge, III-659

            variable Q filter, V-183

            variable-frequency bandpass filter, V-186

            variable-state, universal, V-178

            voltage-controlled filters, III-187, IV-176, VI-211

            VSB filter for LM 2880, VI-219

First-Response game, VI-247, VI-250, VI-252, VI-253

fish lure, electronic, VI-386

fixed power supplies, III-457-477, IV-390-408

            12-VDC battery-operated 120-VAC, III-464

            +24 V, 1.5 A supply from +12 V source, IV-401

            * 35 V ac, IV-398

            * 35 V, 5 A, mobile, IV-407

            15 V isolated to 2, 500 V supply, IV-407

            ac motors, IV-395

            automotive battery supply, +15 V and 5 V, IV-391

            auxiliary supply, IV-394

            bias/reference applications, auxiliary negative dc supply, IV-404

            bilateral current source, III-469

            bridge rectifier, IV-398

            charge pool, III-469

            charge pump, regulated, IV-396

            constant-current source, safe, III-472

            converter, III-470

                        5V to isolated 5V at 20MA, III-474

                        ac to dc, IV-395

                        dc to dc, 3 to 15 V, IV-400

            current sink, I mA, IV-402

            current sources, IV-399, IV-405, IV-406

            dc adapter/transceiver, hand-held, III-461

            dual-tracking regulator, III-462

            GASFET power supply, IV-405

            general-purpose, III-465

            inverter, 12 V input, IV-395

            isolated feedback, III-460

            LCD display power supply, IV-392, IV-403

            linear regulator, low-cost, low-dropout, III-459

            low-current source, IV-399

            low-power inverter, III-466

            negative rail, GET, with CMOS gates, IV-408

            negative supply from + 12 V source, IV-401

            negative voltage from positive supply, IV-397

            output stabilizer, IV-393

            portable-radio 3 V power supply, IV-397

            positive and negative voltage power supplies, IV-402

            pup regulator, zener increases voltage output, II-484

            programmable, III-467

            rectifiers, III-471, IV-398

            regulated supplies, III-462, III-463, IV-401

            ripple suppressor, IV-396

            RTTY machine current supply, IV-400

            stabilizer, CMOS diode network, IV-406

            switching supplies, III-458, III-473, IV-403, IV-404, IV-408

            three-rail, III-466

            uninterruptible +5V, III-477

            voltage doubler, III-459, III-468

            voltage regulators (see voltage regulators)

            voltage-controlled current source/grounded source/load, III-468

fixed-frequency generator, III-231

flame igniter, III-362

flame monitor, III-313

flash/flashbulb circuits (see photography-related circuits)

flashers and blinkers (see also light-controlled circuits; photography-related circuits), I-304, II-225, III-193-210, IV-178-183, V-192-197, VI-223-227

            1.5 V, minimum power, I-308

            1 kW flip-flop, II-234

            1A lamp, I-306

            2 kW, photoelectric control in, II-232

            3V, I-306

            ac, III-196

            alternating, I-307, II-227

            astable multivibrator, III-196

            auto, I-299

            automatic safety, I-302

            automotive turn signal, sequential, I-109

            bar display with alarm, I-252

            barricade, I-299

            boat, I-299

            brake light flasher, V-69

            Christmas tree light flasher, V-197, V-264-265

            CMOS, III-199

            dc, adjustable on/off timer, I-305

            dual flasher for 555 circuits, VI-225

            dual LED CMOS, I-302

            electronic, II-228

            emergency lantern, I-308

            fast-action, I-306

            flash light, 60-W, III-200

            flicker light, IV-183

            flip-flop, I-299

            four-parallel LED, I-307

            headlight flasher, V-73

            high-efficiency parallel circuit, I-308

            high-voltage, safe, I-307

            high-power battery operated, II-229

            incandescent bulb, I-306, III-198

            lamp pulser, VI-227

            LED flashers, IV-181, V-195, V-196

                        2- to 10-LED, V-196, VI-226, VI-227

                        alternating, III-198, III-200

                        Christmas tree lights, V-197, VI-225

                        control circuit, IV-183

                        dark-activated, V-1.95

                        driver, V-194

                        light-switched, VI-301

                        multivibrator design, IV-182

                        pulser, VI-226

                        PUT used in, II-239

                        ring-around, III-194

                        sequential, reversible-direction, IV-182

                        strobe, VI-224

                        three-year, III-194

                        UJT used in, II-231

            low-current consumption, II-231

            low-voltage, I-305, II-226

            miniature transistorized, II-227

            minimum-component, III-201

            model railroad crossing flasher, VI-395

            motorcycle brake light flasher, VI-12

            neon flashers, I-303, VI-225

                        five-lamp, III-198

                        two-state oscillator, III-200

                        tube, I-304

            oscillator/flashers

                        high-drive, II-235

                        low-frequency, II-234

            photographic flashes

            slave-flash trigger, SCH design, IV-380, IV-382

            time-delay flash trigger, IV-380

            relay driver, low-frequency lamp, I-300

            running lights, V-269

            SCR flashers, II-2:W, III-197

                        chaser, III-197

                        relaxation, II-230

                        ring counter, III-195

            sequencer, V-263, V-264-265

            sequential, II-233, II-238, IV-181, V-193

            pseudorandom simulated, IV-179

            signal alarm, V-197

            single-lamp, III-196

            strobe alarm, IV-180

            telephone, II-629, IV-556, IV-558, IV-559, IV-561

            transistorized, I-303, II-236, III-200

            variable, I-308

            xenon light, IV-180

flashlight, rechargeable LED light, VI-107

flashlight finder, I-300

flex switch, alarm sounder circuit, V-15

flip-flops (see bistable multivibrators)

flood alarm, I-390, III-206, IV-188

flow-detectors, II-240-242, III-202-203

            air, II-242

            liquids, II-248, III-202-203

            low-rate thermal, III-203

            thermally based anemometer, III-241

fluid and moisture detectors, I-388, I-390, I-442, II-243-248, III-204-210, IV-184-191, V-373-375

            acid rain monitor, II-245, V-371

            alarm, water-activated, V-374

            checker, III-209

            control, I-388, III-206

            cryogenic fluid-level sensor, I-386

            dual, III-207

            flood alarm, III-206, IV-188, V-374

            flow-of liquid, II-248, III-202-203

            full-bathtub indicator, IV-187

            full-cup detector for the blind, IV-189

            humidity, II-285-287, III-266-267, VI-255-257

            hydrophone, VI-378

            indicator, II-244

            level of liquid, I-107, I-235, I-387, I-388, I-389, I-390, II-174, II-244, II-246, III-205, III-206, III-207, III-209, III-210, IV-186, IV-190, IV-191

            moisture detector, I-442, IV-188, V-375

            monitor, III-210

            plant water, II-245, II-248, III-208

            pump controller, single-chip, II-247

            rain alarm, II-244, IV-189

            sensor and control, II-246

            soil moisture, II-245, II-248, III-208

            temperature monitor, II-643, III-206

            water-leak alarm, IV-190

            windshield-washer level, I-107

fluorescent lamps

            high-voltage power supplies, cold-cathode design, IV-411

            inverter, 8-W, III-306

            vacuum, fluorescent display, II-185

flyback converters, I-211

            self oscillating, I-170, II-128, III-748

            voltage, high-efficiency, III-744

flyback power supply, VI-531

flyback regulator, off-line, II-481

FM-related circuits (see also radio/rf circuits)

            5 V, I-233

            12 V, I-233

            antenna booster, tunable, VI-65

            antenna for automobile radio, VI-64-65

            bug, VI-662

            clock radio, AM/FM, I-543

            decoder, VI-170

            demodulators, I-544, II-159, II-161, V-151

            FM-modulated oscillator, VI-449

            FM/AM receiver, VI-541

            high frequency oscillator, VI-456

            IF amplifier with quadrature detector, TV sound IF, I-690

            infrared FM audio reception, VI-268

            generators, low-frequency, III-228

            modulators, V-366

            555-based circuit, V-367

            NB FM audio amplifier, VI-74

            radio, I-545

            receivers

                        27.145 MHz, V-495

                        carrier-current circuit, III-80

                        light-beam, V-259

                        MPX/SCA receiver, III-530

                        narrow-band, III-532

                        optical receiver/transmitter, 50 kHz, I-361

                        zero center indicator, I-338

            SCA subcarrier adapter, V-536

            scanner noise squelch, VI-579

            snooper, III-680

            speakers, remote, carrier-current system, I-140

            squelch circuit for ANI, I-547

            stereo demodulation system, I-544

            transmitters, I-681, V-641

                        27.125-MHz NBFM, V-637

                        49-MHz, V-643

                        infrared, voice-modulated pulse, IV-228

                        light-beam, V-259

                        multiplex, III-688

                        one-transistor, III-687

                        optical, I-367, II-417

                        optical receiver/transmitter, 50 kHz, I-361

                        radio, V-648

                        snooper, III-680

                        stereo, V-575, V-580, VI-662

                        voice, III-678

            tuner, I-231, III-529

            wireless microphone, III-682, III-685, III-691

FM/AM clock radio, I-543

fog-light controller, automotive, IV-59

foldback current, HV regulator limiting, II-478

followers, III-211-212

            inverting, high-frequency, III-212

            noninverting, high-frequency, III-212

            source, photodiode, III-419

            unity gain, I-27

            voltage, III-212

            forward-current booster, III-17

free-running multivibrators, II-485

            100 kHz, I-465

            programmable-frequency, III-235

free-running oscillators, I-531

            square wave, I-615

freezer, voltage, III-763

freezer-meltdown alarm, I-13

frequency comparators, II-109, III-88

            LED, II-110

            VCO and input, VI-353

frequency control, telephone, II-623

frequency converter, I-159

frequency counters, III-340, III-768, IV-300, V-129-133, VI-360

            1.2 GHz, III-129

            2 MHz, V-130-131

            10-MHz, III-126, V-132-133

            100 MHz, period and, II-136

            low-cost, III-124

            preamp, III-128, V-24

            precision, I-253

            tachometer and, I-310

frequency detectors, II-177, III-158, VI-180

            beat indicator, I-336

            boundary detector, III-156

            comparator, III-88

            digital, III-158

            limit, frequency limit, II-177

            window, frequency window, III-777

frequency dividers, I-258, II-251, II-254, III-213-218, III-340, III-768, V-343

            1.2 GHz, III-129

            10-MHz, III-126

            10-MHz frequency standard, VI-341

            clock input, IV-151

            decade, I-259

            divide-by- 1.5, III-216

            low-cost, III-124

            low-frequency, II-253

            preamp, III-128

            programmable, IV-152-153

            staircase generator and, I-730

            tachometer and, I-310

frequency-division multiplex stereo decoder, II-169

frequency doublers, I-313, III-215, VI-369

            broadband, I-313

            digital, III-216

            GASFET design, IV-324

            low-frequency, I-314

            single-chip, III-218

            to 1 MHz, II-252

frequency generators, fixed-frequency, III-231

frequency indicator, beat, I-336

frequency inverter, III-297

frequency meters, I-310, II-249-250, IV-282, IV-301, VI-335

            analog, V-307

            audio-frequency meter, V-305, V-320

            audio, I-311

            linear, I-310

            low-cost, II-250

            power, II-250

frequency multipliers, II-251, III-213-218, V-198-199, VI-388

            counter, odd-number, III-217

            doublers, I-313, III-215

                        broadband, I-313

                        digital, III-216

                        GASFET design, IV-324

                        single-chip, III-218

                        low-frequency, I-314

                        to 1 MHz, II-252

            pulse-width, III-214

            tripler, nonselective, II-252

frequency-boundary detector, III-156

frequency oscillator, tunable, II-425

frequency probe, VI-524

frequency-ratio monitoring circuit, IV-202

frequency-shift key (FSK) communications

            data receiver, III-533

            decoder, 10.8 MHz, I-214

            generator, low-cost design, III-227

            keying circuits, IV-245

frequency standard, VI-10-MHz, VI-361

frequency synthesizer, programmable voltage controlled, II-265

frequency to voltage converter, I-318, II-255-257, III-219-220, VI­231-233

            dc, 10 kHz, I-316

            digital meter, I-317

            optocoupler input, IV-193

            sample-and-hold circuit, IV-194

            single-supply design, IV-195

            zener regulated, I-317

fuel gauge, automotive, IV-46

full-wave rectifiers, IV-328, IV-650

            absolute value, II-528

            averaging filter, V-191

            op amp circuit, V-403

            precision, I-234, III-537

            silicon-controlled (SCR), I-375

function generators (see also burst generators; sound generators; waveform generators), I-729, II-271, III-221-242, III-258-274, IV-196-202, V-200-207, V-309, VI-234-243

            555 astable, low-duty cycle, II-267

            acoustic field generator, V-338-341, V-338

            AM broadcast-band signal generator, IV-302

            AM/IF signal generator, 455 kHz, IV-301

            astable multivibrators, II-269, II-510, II-597, III-196, III-224, III-233, III-237, III-238

            audio function generator, IV-197

            audio-frequency generator, V-416-417, V-416

            bistable multivibrators, I-133, I-299, I-395, II-367, II-465, III-103, IV-108, IV-651

            bistable multivibrators, I-133, II-465

            capacitance multiplier, V-205

            clock generator/oscillator, I-193, I-615

            complementary signals, XOR gate, III-226

            DAC controlled, I-722

            debouncer, IV-108

            emitter-coupled RC oscillator, II-266

            fixed-frequency, III-231

            flasher, I-299, II-234

            FM, low-frequency, III-228

            free-running multivibrator, programmable-frequency, III-235

            frequency-ratio monitoring circuit, IV-202

            frequency synthesizer, programmable voltage controlled, II-265

            FSK, low-cost, III-227

            harmonic generators, I-24, III-228, IV-649

            high-frequency, II-150

            inverter, III-103

            lamp driver, IV-160

            harmonic generator, video, V-662

            linear ramp, II-270

            linear triangle/square wave VCO, II-263

            logarithmic

                        dynamic-range, V-201

                        fast acting, V-202

            monostable multivibrators, I-465, III-229, III-230, III-235, III-237

                        input lockout, I-464

                        linear-ramp, III-237

                        photocell, monostable, II-329

                        positive-triggered, III-229

                        TTL, monostable operation, I-464

                        UJT, monostable operation, I-463

                        video amplifier and comparator, II-268

            multiplying pulse width circuit, II-264

            multivibrators

                        low-frequency, III-237

                        single-supply, III-232

            nonlinear potentiometer outputs, IV-198

            one-shots, I-465, VI-419

                        digitally controlled, I-720

                        precision, III-222

                        retriggerable, III-238

            oscillator/amplifier, wide frequency range, II-262

            pattern generator/polar to rect. converter, V-288

            polynomial generator, V-287

            potentiometer-position V/F converter, IV-200

            precise wave, II-274

            programmed, I-724

            pseudo-random bit sequence generator, V-351

            pulse generators, II-508-511

                        2-olurr, III-231

                        300-V, III-521

                        555-circuit, IV-439

                        astable multivibrator, II-510

                        clock, 60 Hz, II-102

                        CMOS short-pulse, III-523

                        delayed-pulse, II-509, IV-440

                        divider, programmable, II-511, III-226

                        EEPROM, 5V-powered, III-99

                        free running, IV-438

                        interrupting pulse-generation, I-357

                        logic, III-520

                        logic troubleshooting applications, IV-436

                        programmable, I-529

                        saw tooth-wave generator and, III-241

                        single, II-175

                        train, pulse train, IV-202

                        transistorized, IV-437

                        two-phase pulse, I-532

                        unijunction transistor design, I-530

                        very low-duty-cycle, III-521

                        voltage-controller and, III-524

                        wide-ranging, III-522

            quad op amp, four simultaneous synchronized waveform, II-259

            ramp generators, I-540, II-52I-523, III-525-527, IV-443-447

            555 based, V-203

                        accurate, III-526

                        integrator, initial condition reset, III-527

                        linear, II-270

                        variable reset level, II-267

                        voltage-controlled, II-523

            rf oscillator, V-530-531

            root extractor, V-207, V-288

            RS flip-flop, I-395

            saw tooth generators, V-491

                        linear, V-205

                        triggered, V-204

            saw tooth and pulse, III-241

            Schmitt trigger, transistorized, V-204

            SCR, II-367

            self-retriggering timed-on generator, V-343

            signal generators, V-204

                        AM broadcast band, IV-302

                        AM/IF, 455 kHz, IV301

                        high-frequency, II-150

                        square-wave, III-583-585

                        staircase, III-586-588

                        two-function, III-234

            sine-wave generators, IV-505, IV-506, V-542, V-543, V-544

                        60 Hz, IV-507

                        audio, II-564

                        battery power, V-541

                        LC, IV-507

                        LF, IV-512

                        oscillator, audio, III-559

                        square-wave and, tunable oscillator, III-232

                        VLF audio tone, IV-508

            sine/cosine (0.I-10 kHz), II-260

            sine/square wave oscillators, I-65

                        TTL design, IV-512

                        tunable, I-65, III-232

            single control, III-238

            single supply, II-273

            square-wave generators, II-594-600, III-225, III-239, III-242, III-583-585, IV-529-536, V-568-570

                        1 kHz, IV-536

                        2 MHz using two TTL gates, II-598

                        555 timer, II-595

                        astable circuit, IV-534

                        astable multivibrator, II-597

                        CMOS 555 astable, true rail to rail, II-596

                        duty-cycle multivibrator, III-50-percent, III-584

                        four-decade design, IV-535

                        high-current oscillator, III-585

                        line frequency, II-599

                        low-frequency TTL oscillator, II-595

                        multiburst generator, II-88

                        multivibrator, IV-536

                        oscillators, I-612-614, I-616, II-596, II-597, II-616, IV-532, IV-533

                        phase-tracking, three-phase, II-598

                        pulse extractor, III-584

                        quadrature-outputs oscillator, III-585

                        sine-wave and, tunable oscillator, III-232

                        three-phase, II-600

                        tone-burst generator, single timer IC, II-89

                        triangle-wave and, III-239

                        precision, III-242

                        programmable, III-225

                        wide-range, III-242

                        TTL, LSTTL, CMOS designs, IV-530-532

                        variable duty-cycle, IV-533

                        variable-frequency, IV-535

            SR flip-flop, IV-651

            stable function generator, VI-242

            staircase generators, I-730, II-60I-602, III-586-588, IV-443-447

            sweep generators, I-472, III-438, VI-238-241

            timebase

                        1 Hz, readout and counter applications, IV-201

                        oscilloscopes, V-425

            time-delay generator, I-217-218

            tone burst generator, repeater, V-629

            triangle-wave, III-234, V-203, V-205

                        clock-driven, V-206

                        square wave, III-225, III-239, III-242

            timer, linear, III-222

            triangle/square wave generator, V-206

            tunable, wide-range, III-241

            two-function, III-234

            UJT monostable circuit insensitive to changing bias voltage, II-268

            variable duty cycle timer output, III-240

            voltage controlled high-speed one shot, II-266

            waveform (see waveform generators)

            white noise generator, IV-201

            wide-range function generator, VI-243

funk box, II-593

furnace exhaust gas/smoke detector, temp monitor/low-supply detection, III-248

furnace fuel miser, V-328-329

fuses

            battery-charger relay fuse, V-88

            electronic, V-477

            monitor for car fuses, V-77

            relay fuse, V-478

fuzz box, III-575

fuzz sound effect, II-590

G

GaAs FET circuits

            amplifier, power, with single supply, II-10

            fixed power supplies, IV-405

gain control circuits

            amplifier, stereo, gain-controlled, II-9, III-34

            automatic audio gain control, II-17

            automatic gain control (AGC), II-17

                        AGC system for CA3028 IF amp, IV-458

                        rf amplifier, wideband adjustable, III-545

                        squelch control, III-33

                        wide-band amplifier, III-15

            gain block, video, III-712

galvanometer, sine/cosine generator, VI-700

game feeder controller, II-360

game roller, I-326

games, II-275-277, III-243-245, IV-203-207, V-208-211, VI-244-254

            coin flipper, III-244

            coin toss game, VI-250

            craps game, VI-245

            electronic dice, III-245, IV-207

            electronic roulette, II-276, IV-205

            First-Response Monitor, VI-247, VI-250, VI-252, VI-253

            fish lure, electronic, VI-386

            Jacob's Ladder, VI-389

            lie detector, II-277, IV-206

            model car derby winner indicator, VI-259

            one-arm bandit game, VI-251

            quiz master, V-210

            reaction timer, IV-204

            ring launcher, electromagnetic, V-209

            roulette, II-276, IV-205

            run-down clock/sound generator, IV-205

            slot machine, V-211

            Twenty-One game, VI-246

            Wheel-of-Fortune, IV-206, VI-254

            who's first, III-244

            Z-Dice game, VI-248-249

garage stop light, II-53

gas detectors (see also smoke alarms and detectors), I-332, II-278-279, III-246-253, V-212-214

            analyzer and, II-281

            combustible gas detector, V-214

            explosive gas detector, V-213

            furnace exhaust, temp monitor/low-supply detection, III-248

            methane concentration, linearized output, III-250

            toxic, II-280

            SCR, III-251

            smoke/gas/vapor detector, III-250

gate dip oscillator, VI-344, VI-346

gated oscillator, last-cycle completing, III-427

gated-pulse descrambler, II-165

gates, V-215-216

            AND, I-395, V-216

            OR, I-395

            programmable, I-394

            sync gating circuit, V-595

            XOR gate, IV-107

Geiger counters, I-536-537, V-217-219, VI-531

            high-voltage supply, II-489

            pocket-sized, II-514

gel cell charger, II-66

generators, electric-power

            corona-wind generator, IV-633

            dc generator, V-443

            high-voltage generators, IV-413

            ion generator, V-248-249

            battery-powered, III-482

            capacitor-discharge, III-485

            dc voltage, III-481

            negative-ions, IV-634

            regulator for automobile generator, V-76

            ultra-high-voltages, II-488

generators (see function generators; sound generators; waveform generators)

glitch-detector, comparator, II-107

glow-plug driver, II-52

gong, electronic, V-563

graphic equalizer, ten-band, active filter in, II-684

grid-dip meters, I-247, II-182-183

            bandswitched, IV-298

            basic grid, I-247, IV-298

            dual gate IGFET, I-246

            little dipper, II-183

            varicap tuned FET, I-246

grid-leak detector, VI-179

grounding

            ground loop preventer, VI-390

            tester, II-345

            ground-fault Hall detector, IV-208-209

            ground-noise probe, battery-powered, III-500

            pseudoground, VI-431

guitars

            compressor, sound-effect circuit, IV-519

            matching audio signal amplifiers, IV-38

            mixer, low-noise, four-channel, V-360-361

            treble boost for, II-683

            tuner, II-362

gun, laser, visible red and continuous, III-310

H

half-duplex information transmission link, III-679

half-flash analog to digital converters, III-26

half-wave ac phase controlled circuit, I-377

half-wave rectifiers, I-230, III-528, IV-325

            fast, I-228

Hall-effect circuits, II-282-284, III-254-258, V-220-222

            angle of rotation detector, II-283

            compass, III-258

            compass, talking, V-221

            current monitor, III-255, IV-284

            door open alarm, II-284

            ground-fault detector, IV-208-209

            oscillators, V-222

            security door-ajar alarm, III-256

            switches using, III-257, IV-539

halogen lamps

            dimmer for, III-300

            protector, V-271

handitalkies, I-19

            two-meter preamplifier for, I-19

hands-free telephone, III-605

hands-off intercom, III-291

handset encoder, telephone, III-613

harmonic distortion

            analyzer, V-291, VI-357

            meter, V-312

harmonic generators, I-24, III-228, IV-649

Hartley oscillator, I-571, V-140, VI-453, VI-459

HC-based oscillators, III-423

HCU/HTC-based oscillator, III-426

headlights (see automotive circuits, headlights)

headphones

            amplifier for, II-43

            ear protector circuit, V-482

            infrared (IR) receiver, V-227, VI-269

            infrared (IR) transmitter, V-227, VI-263

            signal amplifier, V-53, V-57

heart rate monitor, II-348, II-349, V-342

heat-activated alarm, V-9

heat sniffer, electronic, III-627

heaters/heater controls (see also temperature-related circuits), I­639

            element controller, II-642

            induction heater, ultrasonic, 120-kHz 500-W, III-704

            protector circuit, servo-sensed, III-624

            temperature sensitive, I-640

hee-haw siren, II-578, III-565

hexFET switch, V-592

            dual-control, V-593

hi-fi circuits (see stereo circuits)

high-pass filters, I-296, VI-210, VI-221

            active, I-296, V-180, V-188, VI-213

                        fourth-order, V-188

                        second-order, I-297

            amplifier, VI-49

            Butterworth, fourth-order, I-280, V-179

            Chebyshev, fourth-order, III-191

            equal components second-order, V-188

            fourth-order, 100-Hz, IV-174

            Sallen Key, VI-209

            second-order, 100-Hz, IV-175

            sixth-order elliptical, III-191

            unity-gain second-order, V-187

            variable, V-186

            wideband two-pole, II-215

high-voltage power supplies (see also generators, electrical power; power supplies), II-487-490, III-486, IV-409-413, V-442-447, VI-499-505

            9 to 15VDC input, V-456

            -100 VDC supply, VI-502

            12-V supply for fluorescent lamp, VI-500

            10, 000 V dc supply, IV-633

            ac operated He-Ne laser power supply, VI-502

            arc-jet power supply, starting    circuit, III-479

            basic circuit, V-446

            battery-powered generator, III-482

            bucking regulator, III-481

            control circuit, VI-501

            dc generator, III-481, V-443

            dc supply, 120-240 VDC, single-chip circuit, V-446

            fluorescent-lamp supply, V-444

                        cold-cathode design, IV-411, V-447

            Geiger counter supply, II-489

            generators (see generators, electrical power)

            inverter, III-484

                        40 W, 120 VAC, IV-410-411

            Kirlian device supply, VI-504

            laser circuits, V-253

            negative supply, V-445

            negative-ion generator, IV-634

            night-vision scope power supply, VI-501

            optoisolated driver, III-482

            photomultiplier supply, V-444, V-445

            preregulated, III-480

            pulse supply, IV-412

            pulse-width modulated laser

            supply, VI-505

            regulators, III-485

            foldback-current limiting, II-478

            solid-state, remote adjustable, III-486

            strobe power supply, IV-413

            tripler, VI-504

            tube amplifier, high-volt isolation, IV-426

            ultra high-voltage generator, II-488

            voltage regulators, VI-500, VI-503, VI-505

hobby circuits (see model and hobby circuits)

hold button, telephone, I-612, II-628

home security systems (see alarms; annunciators)

horizontal deflection circuit, VI-382

horn, automobile, III-50, IV-54

hour/time delay sampling circuit, II-668

Howland current pump, II-648

hum reducer circuit, receivers, V-347

humidity sensor, II-285-287, III-266-267, VI-255-257

hybrid power amplifier, III-455

hydrophone, VI-378

I

IC product detectors, IV-143

IC timer, crystal-stabilized, subharmonic frequencies for, II-161

ice formation alarm, I-106, II-57, II-58

ICOM IC-2A battery charger, II-65

IF amplifiers, I-690, IV-459

            AGC system, IV-458

            preamp, IV-460

            receiver, IV-459

            quadrature detector, TV sound IF, I-690

            two-stage, 60 MHz, I-563

            video IF amplifier/detector, VI-678

            wideband, I-689

ignition circuits, automotive, V-64

            capacitor discharger, I-103

            cut-off circuit, automotive, IV-53

            electronic, IV-65

            substitute ignition, III-41

            tinting Light for ignition system, II-60

igniter, III-362

illumination stabilizer, machine vision, II-306

image canceller, III-358

immobilizer, II-50

impedance checker, V-136

impedance converter, high-to low, I-41

impedance sensor, nanoampere, 100 megaohm input, I-203

indicators (see measurement/test circuits)

in-use indicator, telephone, II-629

inductance meter/tester, V-316, VI-330, VI-358

induction heater, ultrasonic, 120-kHz, 500-W, III-704

inductors

            active, I-417

            simulated, II-199, V-180

infrared circuits (see also light-controlled circuits; remote control devices), II-288-292, III-27I-277, IV-219-228, V-223-229, VI-26I-271

            body-heat detector, VI-266

            data link, I-341

            detector, II-289, III-276, IV-224, V-225, VI-262, VI-266

            emitter drive, pulsed, II-292

            fan controller, IV-226

            filter circuit, narrow-band, V-189

            headphone receiver, V-227

            headphone transmitter, V-227

            ion detector, VI-267

            IR pulse to audio converter, V-224

            laser light detector, VI-293

            laser rifle, invisible pulsed, II-291

            long-range object detector, III-273

            loudspeaker link, remote, I-343

            low-noise detector for, II-289

            night-Vision illuminator, VI-265

            object detector, long-range, III-273

            people-detector, IV-225

            preamplifier for IR photodiode, V-226

            proximity switch, infrared-activated, IV-345

            receivers, I-342, II-292, III-274, IV-220-221, V-226, V-229, VI-268

                        audible-output, VI-271

                        data-link, low power, VI-265

                        FM audio reception, VI 268

                        light, VI 294

                        pulse frequency modulated, VI 269

                        single-tone, VI-264, VI-270

                        steady-tone, VI-267

                        wireless headphones, VI-269

            remote A/B switch, V-225

            remote controller, I-342, IV-224, V-229

            remote-control analyzer, V-224

            remote-control tester, IV-228, V-228, V-229

            remote-extender, IV-227

            transmitters, I-343, II-289, II-290, III-274, III-276, III-277, IV-226-227

                        audio-modulated, VI-262

                        digital, III-275

                        pulsed for on/off control, V-228

                        remote-control, I-342

                        voice-modulated pulse FM, IV-228

                        wireless headphones, VI-263

            TV remote control relay, VI-263

            wireless speaker system, III-272, IV-222-223

injectors

            three-in-one set: logic probe, signal tracer, injector, IV-429

injector-tracers, I-521, I-522, II-500

input selectors, audio, low-distortion, II-38

input/output buffer, analog multiplexers, III-11

input/output circuits, NE602-based, V-355

instrumentation amplifiers, I-346, I-348, I-349, I-352, II-293-295, III-278-284, IV-229-234, V-233-235, VI-272-277

            100 V common mode range, III-294

            ac-coupled, VI-276

            current collector head amplifier, II-295

            differential, I-347, I-354, III-283

                        biomedical, III-282

                        high-gain, I-353

                        input, I-354, VI-275

                        variable gain, I-349

            extended common-mode design, IV-234

            high input-impedance, VI-275

            high-impedance low-drift, I-355

            high-speed, I-354

            LM6218-based, high-speed, V-235

            LMC6062-based, V-234

            low-drift/low-noise dc amplifier, IV-232

            low-signal level/high-impedance, I-350

            low-noise, VI-276

            low-power, III-284, VI-276

            meter driver, II-296

            preamps

                        oscilloscope, IV-230-231

                        thermocouple, III-283

            precision FET input, I-355

            programmable gain, VI-275

            saturated standard cell amplifier, II-296

            strain gauge, III-280

            triple op amp, I-347

            ultra low-noise, VI-277

            ultra-precision, III-279

            variable gain, differential input, I-349, VI-274

            very high-impedance, I-354

            wideband, III-281

instrumentation meter driver, II-296

integrators, II-297-300, III-285-286, V-236-237, VI-278-279

            ac integrator, VI-279

            active, inverting buffer, II-299

            bias-current compensated, VI-279

            NET ac coupled, II-200

            gamma ray pulse, I-536

            long time, II-300

            low-drift, I-423

            noninverting, improved, II-298

            photocurrent, II-326

            programmable reset level, III-286

                        ramp generator, initial condition reset, III-527

            resettable, III-286

intercoms (see also telephonerelated circuits), I-415, II-30I-303, III-287-292, V-238-240, VI-376

            bidirectional, III-290

            carrier current, I-146

            hands-off, III-291

            party-line, II-303

            pocket pager, III-288

            telephone-intercoms, IV-557, V-239, V-240

            two-way, III-292

            two-wire design, IV-235-237

            voice-activated, one-way, V-239

interfaces (see also computer circuits), IV-238-242, V-24I-244, VI-280-281

            680x, 650x, 8080 families, III-98

            amateur radio transceiver, relay interface, V-243

            audio/telephone interface, VI-625

            audio to ADC interface, V-242

            cassette to telephone, III-618

            CPU interface, one-shot design, IV-239

            DVM, temperature sensor and, II-647

            FET driver, low-level power FET, IV-241

            fiberoptic, II-207

            keyboard matrix interface, IV-240

            logic-level translators, IV-242

            microcomputer to triac interface, V-244

            optical sensor to TTL, III-314

            optocouplers, V-406-407

            optoisolators, V-406-407

            preamp receiver interface, V-243

            process control, I-30, V-242

            RC receiver relay interface, VI-551

            remote-control transmitter interface, V-511

            resistive transducer interface, VI-281

            RS-232, computer-powered, VI-138-139

            RS-422 to RS-232 converter, VI-133

            tape recorder, II-614

            telephone

                        audio interface, V-612

                        telephone-line interface, V-605

            timer/ac line interface, VI-281

            transmit keyer interface circuit, VI-31

            video interface with sync stripper, V-659

interrupter, ground fault, I-580

interval timer, low-power, microprocessor programmable, II-678

intruder-detector, light-beam activated, V-11

            preamp, V-13

inverters, III-293-298, V-245-247, VI-282-285

            250 watt, V-246

            analog switched inverter, VI-604

            dc to ac, V-247

            dc to dc/ac, I-208

            digital, V-246

            fast, I-422

            fixed power supplies, 12 V input, IV-395

            Rip-flop, III-103

            fluorescent lamp, 8-W, III-306

            frequency inverter, III-297

            high-voltage, III-484

            40 W, 120 V ac, IV-410-411

            low-power, fixed power supplies, III-466

            on/off switch, III-594

            picture, video circuits, III-722

            positive to negative dc/dc inverter, VI-285

            power, III-298

            12 VDC to 117 VAC at 60 Hz, III-294

                        medium, III-296

                        MOSFET, III-295, V-247

            rectifier/inverter, programmable op-amp design, IV-364

            signal source for audio amplifier/inverter, VI-702

            ultrasonic, arc welding, 20 kHz, III-700

            variable frequency, complementary output, III-297

            voltage, precision, III-298

inverting amplifiers, I-41-42, III-14

            ac, high-gain, I-92

            balancing circuit in, I-33

            gain of 2, lag-lead compensation, UHF, I-566

            low-power, digitally selectable gain, II-333

            power amplifier, I-79

            programmable-gain, III-505

            SCR inverter and trigger, VI-283

            sine-wave inverter, VI-285

            unity gain amplifier, I-80

            vehicle audio amplifier inverter, VI-284

            wideband unity gain, I-35

ion detector, VI-267, VI-533

ion generator, V-248-249, VI-286-288

isolated feedback power supply, III-460

isolation amplifiers

            capacitive load, I-34

            level shifter, I-348

            medical telemetry, I-352

            rf, II-547

isolation and zero voltage switching logic, II-415

isolation transformer, V-349, V-470

isolators

            analog data-signal transmission, IV-133

            digital transmission, II-414

            stimulus, III-351

J

Jacob's Ladder, VI-389

NET circuits

            ac coupled integrator, III-200

            amplifiers

                        500-Mohm input impedance, V-23

                        current source biasing, V-21

                        chopper circuit, V-352

            headphone audio signal amplifiers, V-57

            oscillator, variable frequency, VI-449

            preamplifier, V-22

            source follower, V-20

            voltmeter, V-318

jitter suppression, V-342

K

kaleidoscope, sonic, V-548-549

Kelvin thermometer, I-655

            zero adjust, III-661

key illuminator, V-333

keyer, electronic CW "bug" keyer, V-102

keying circuits, IV-243-245

            AFSK generator, one-chip, VI-23

            automatic operation, II-15

            automatic TTL Morse code, I-25

            CW keyer, IV-244

            CW transmitter, VI-22-23

            electronic, I-20

            frequency-shift keyer, IV-245

            negative key line keyer, IV-244

            PTT control from receiver audio, VI-28

            transmit keyer interface circuits, VI-31

            wireless RTS keyer with data, VI-136

Kirlian device supply, VI-504

L

lamp-control circuits (see lights/light-activated and controlled circuits)

laser circuits (see also lights/light-activated and controlled circuits; optical circuits), II-313-317, III-309-311, V-250-254, VI-289-296

            ac operated He-Ne laser power supply, VI-502

            dc supply, VI-295

            diode sensor, IV-321

            discharge current stabilizer, II-316

            drivers

                        IC-based, VI-296

                        op-amp, VI-295

                        pulsed double-heterostructure laser, VI-296

                        single heterostructure diode, VI-290

            gun, visible red, III-310

            handheld laser, V-252

            high-voltage supply for He-Ne laser, VI-291

            IR laser light detector, VI-293

            light detector, II-314

            power supply, IV-636, V-251, V-254

                        high-voltage, V-253

                        with starter circuit, V-252

            pulse-width modulated laser supply, VI-505

            pulsers, laser diode, I-416, III-311

            receiver, IV-368

                        PLL IR, VI-294

            rifle, invisible IR pulsed, II-291

            simulated laser using LED, V-253

            sound effect generator for laser pistol, VI-292

            transmitter, VI-292

latches, V-356

            12-V, solenoid driver, III-572

            comparator and, III-88

latching relays, dc, optically coupled, III-417

latching switches

            double touch button, I-138

            SCR-replacing, III-593

LCD display

            7-segment, V-165

            contrast temperature compensator, VI-195

            fixed-power supply, IV-392, IV-403

            large-size, V-164

lead-acid batteries (see also battery-related circuits)

            battery chargers, III-55

            life-extender and charger, IV-72

            low-battery detector, III-56

leading-edge delay circuit, III-147

LED circuits

            7-segment, V-166

            ac-power indicator, IV-214

            alternating flasher, III-198, III-200

            back-biased GaAs LED light sensor, II-321

            bar graph driver, II-188, VI-195

            battery-charger test circuit, V-89

            blinker, light-controlled, VI-301

            brightness, I-250

            Christmas tree light flasher, V-197, VI-225

            color shifting LED display, VI-189

            common-cathode display, V-167

            driver, emitter/follower, IV-159

            flashers, V-195, V-196, VI-226, VI-227

                        alternating, III-198, III-200

                        Christmas tree lights, V-197

                        control circuit, IV-183

                        dark-activated, V-195

                        driver, V-194

                        multivibrator design, IV-182

                        PUT used in, II-239

                        ring-around, III-194

                        sequential, reversible-direction, IV-182

                        three-year, III-194

                        UJT used in, II-231

            frequency comparator, II-110

            light sensor, back-biased GaAs FET, II-321

            leading-zero suppressed display, V-165

            matrix display, two-variable, III-171

            millivoltmeter readout, IV-294

            multiplexed common-cathode display ADC, III-764

            output indicator for 555 circuits, VI-260

            panel meter, III-347

            peakmeter, III-333

            pulser, VI-226

            receivers for lightwave communications, VI-310

            ring-around flasher, III-194

            RS-232C, computer circuit, III-103

            simulated-laser circuit, V-253

            strobe, random, VI-224

            three-year flasher, III-194

            transmitter for lightwave communications, VI-309

            voltmeter, IV-286

            VU meter, IV-211

level, electronic, II-666, IV-329, VI-328

level controllers/detectors (see also fluid and moisture), II-174

            alarm, water, I-389

            audio, automatic, II-20

            audio (ALC), V-60-62

            cryogenic fluid, I-386

            hysteresis in, I-235

            level of liquid, I-107, I-235, I-387, I-388, I-389, I-390, II-174, II-244, II-246, III-205, III-206, III-207, I-209, III-210, IV-186, IV-190, IV-191

            meter, LED bar/dot, I-251

            peak, I-402

            sound, I-403

            three-step, I-336

            visual, III-269

            warning

                        audio output, low, I-391

                        high-level, I-387

level shifter, negative to positive supply, I-394

LF or HF field strength meter, II-212

LF receiver, IV-451

lie detector, II-277, IV-206, V-255-256

light-beam communication circuits, V-257-261

            receivers

                        audio, Visible-fight, V-261

                        FM light-beam, V-259

                        modulated light, V-258

                        voice-communication, V-260

            transmitters

                        audio, Visible-light, V-261

                        FM light-beam, V-259

                        modulated fight, V-258

            voice-communication, V-260

light-controlled circuits (see also laser circuits; optical circuits), II-304-312, II-318-331, III-312-319, V-262-283, VI-297-312

            860 W limited-range light control, I-376

            alarms, V-9, V-273

                        dark-activated alarm, pulsed tone, V-13

                        high-output, pulse-tone, V-14

                        precision design, V-12

                        self-latch, tone output, V-15

                        with hysteresis, V-14

                        with latch, V-12

                        light-beam intruder-detection, V-11, V-13

            ambient-light cancellation circuit, II-328

            ambient-light ignoring optical sensor, III-413

            audio oscillator, light-sensitive, III-315

            back-biased GaAs LED sensor, II-321

            black light, battery-operated, V-281

            battery-powered light, capacitance operated, I-131

            brightness control, I-377, III-316

            carport light, automatic, II-308

            chaser lights, sequential activation, IV-251, IV-252

            Christmas light driver, IV-254

            Christmas tree lights sequencer, V-264-265

            colorimeter, VI-306-307

            complementary, I-372

            controller, IV-252

            cross fader, II-312

            darkness monitor, VI-303

            detectors of light, I-362, IV-369

            dimmers, I-369, II-309, IV-247, IV-249, V-266, VI-377

                        800 W, lI-309

                        CMOS touch dimmer, V-270

                        dc lamp, II-307

                        four-quadrant, IV-248-249

                        halogen lamps, III-300

                        headlight, II-57, II-63

                        low-cost, I-373

                        phase-controlled, V-267

                        soft-start, 800-W, I-376, III-304

                        tandem, II-312

                        triac, I-375, II-310, III-303

            dissolver, solid-state, III-304

            drivers, lamp drivers, I-380

                        flip-flop independent design, IV-160

                        low-frequency flasher/relay, I-300

                        MOS lamp driver, V-269

                        optical coupling, III-413

                        neon lamps, I-379, V-270, V-459

                        short-circuit-proof, II-3 10

            emergency light, I-378, I-581, II-320, III-317, III-415, IV-250

            exposure meter, photo enlarger, V-438

            flame monitor, III-313

            flasher, dark-activated, V-195

            flood lamp power, I-373

            fluorescent-lamp high-voltage power supplies, IV-411, V-444, V-447, VI-500

            fringe counter, VI-300

            halogen lamp protector, V-271

            holiday lights sequencer, V-264-265

            indicator-lamp driver, optically coupled, III-413

            infrared circuits (see infrared circuits; remote control)

            interruption detector, I-364

            inverter, fluorescent, 8-W, III-306

            key illuminator, V-333

            lamp pulser, VI-227

            lamp timer, VI-649

            LEDs (see LED circuits)

            level of light, I-365, I-367, I-376, I-377, I-380, I-389, III-313, III-316

            life-extender for light bulbs, III-302

            light meter, VI-308, VI-350

            light-bulb changer, automatic design, IV-253

            lights-on warning, IV-58, IV-62, IV-250

            light-seeking robot, II-325

            logarithmic light sensor, I-366

            logic circuit, I-393

            machine vision illumination stabilizer, II-306

            marker light, III-317

            meters, light-meters, I-382, I-383, V-305

                        photo enlargers, V-434-435

            modulator, III-302

            monostable multivibrator, light-controlled, VI-303

            monostable photocell, self-adjust trigger, II-329

            mooring light, automatic, II-323

            name in lights, VI-379

            neon Christmas light flashers, VI-225

            neon light drivers, I-379, V-270, V-459, VI-198

            night lights

                        automatic, I-360, III-306

                        telephone-controlled, III-604

            night-Vision illuminator, IR. VI-265

            night-Vision scope power supply, VI-501

            on/off relay, I-366

            on/off reminder

                        automotive lights, I-109

                        with ice alarm, I-106

            one-shot timer, III-317

            optical interruption sensor, IV-366

            oscillator, light-controlled, V-279

            outdoor light control, V-275

            phase control, II-303, II-305

            photo alarm, II-319

            photocell, monostable, self-adjust trigger, II-329

            photocurrent integrator, II-326

            photodiode amplifier, VI-301, VI-302

            photodiode log converter/transmitter, VI-312

            photodiode sensor amplifier, II-324

            photoelectric controller, IV-369

            photoelectric sensor, V-277

            photoelectric switches, II-321, II-326, III-319

            phototransistor, V-279

            porch light control, V-266, V-276

            projector-lamp voltage regulator, II-305

            power outage light, line-operated, III-415

            pulse-generation interruption, I-357

            receivers, LED lightwave communications, VI-310

            relays, I-366, V-275, V-278, V-279, VI-304

            remote-controller, I-370

            robot

                        eyes, II-327

                        light-seeking robot, II-325

            running light sequencer, V-269

            sensors, I-367

                        ambient-light ignoring, III-413

                        back-biased GaAs LED, II-321

                        dc servo, VI-300

                        logarithmic, I-366

                        multiple-input, V-273

                        optical sensor to TTL interface, III-314

                        photoelectric, V-277

            sequencer, V-263, holiday lights, V-264-265

                        pseudorandom, III-301

                        running light, V-269

            shimmering light, V-268

            short-circuit proof lamp driver, II-310

            signal conditioner, photodiode design, II-330

            solar power supply, VI-311, VI-312

            solid-state light sources, V-282-283

            sound-controlled lights, I-609, V-552

            speed controller, IV-247

            starry light, I-579

            strobe light, VI-468

                        high-voltage power supplies, IV-413

                        photo strobe, V-435, V-437

                        random LED, VI-224

                        trigger, V-436

                        variable, III-589-590

            sun tracker, III-318, VI-299, VI-312

            switches, II-320, III-314

                        adjustable, I-362

                        capacitance switch, I-132

                        dark-activated, V-274, V-276

                        light4dark activated, V-274

                        light-activated, self-latching, V-278

                        light-controlled, II-320, III-314

                        photoelectric, II-321, II-326, III-319

                        solar triggered, III-318

                        zero-point triac, II-311

            tachometer adapter, VI-298

            traffic light controller, VI-298, VI-305

            transmitter, LED lightwave communications, VI-309

            telephone in-use light, II-625

            three-way light control, IV-251

            touch lamp, three-way, IV-247

            triac circuit, V-268

            triac controller, V-267, V-271

            triac switch, inductive load, IV-253

            turn-off circuit, SCR capacitor design, IV-254

            twilight-triggered circuit, II-322

            video, low-level video IF amplifier, I-687-689

            voltage regulator for projection lamp, II-305

            wake-up call light, II-324

            warning lights, II-320, III-317

light-seeking robot, II-325

limit comparators/detectors, I-156, III-106

            alarm, high/low, I-151

            double ended, I-156, I-230, I-233, II-105

            micropower, I-155

            frequency-limit detector, II-177

limiters, III-320-322, IV-255-257

            audio limiter, V-335

            clipper/limiter, IV-355

            low-distortion, II-15

            dynamic noise reduction circuit, III-321

            hold-current, solenoid driver, III-573

            noise, II-395, III-321

            one-zener design, IV-257

            output, III-322

            power-consumption, III-572

            transmit-time limiter/timer, IV-580

            voltage limiter, adjustable, IV-256

line amplifiers, III-37

            duplex, telephone, III-616

            RIAA line amp/driver, VI-77

            universal design, IV-39

line drivers, I-262

            50-ohm. transmission, II-192

            600-ohm. balanced, II-192

            audio signal amplifiers, V-54

            full rail excursions in, II-190

            high-output 600-ohm, II-193

            impedance-matched with 75 Ohm load, VI-197

            low-distortion composite 100 mA, VI-200

            line receiver, balanced, VI-552

            line receiver, dual-inverter, VI-542

            shield/line driver, high-speed, VI-198

            stereo line driver, VI-198

            synchronized, III-174

            video amplifier, III-710

            video line driver, VI-683

            video line receiver, VI-550

line-dropout detector, II-98

line-frequency square wave generator, II-599

line receivers, VI-542, VI-552

            digital data, III-534

            low-cost, III-532

line-sync, noise immune 60 Hz, II-367

line-current detector/monitors, III-341

            optically coupled, III-414

line-hum touch switch, III-664

line-synchronized driver circuit, III-174

line-voltage announcer, ac, III-730

line-voltage monitor, III-511

line-voltage to multimeter adapter, V-312

linear amplifiers

            1.2-kW 144-MHz, VI-20

            2-30 MHz, 140W PEP amateur radio, I-555

            100 W PEP 420-450 MHz push-pull, I-554

            160 W PEP broadband, I-556

            amateur radio, 2-30 MHz 140-W, III-260

            audio power amplifiers, V-51

            CMOS inverter, II- 11

            inverter, linear amp from inverter, II-11

            micropower, VI-73

            rf amplifiers

                        6-m, 100 W, IV-480-481

                        903 MHz, IV-484-485

                        ATV, 10 to 15 W, IV-481

linear couplers

            ac analog, II-412

            analog, II-413

            dc, II-411

            optocoupler, instrumentation, II-417

linear IC siren, III-564

linear ramp generator, II-270

link, fiberoptic, III-179

liquid-level detectors (see fluid and moisture detectors)

lithium batteries

            charger for, II-67

            state of charge indicator for, II-78

little dipper dip meter, II-183

load-sensing circuits, V-284-285

locator, lo-parts treasure, I-409

lock detector, VI-176-177

locks, electronic, II-194-197, IV-161-163, VI-203-205

            combination, I-583, II-196

            digital entry lock, IV-162, V-157

            frequency-based lock, VI-204

            keyless design, IV-163

            lock detector, VI-176-177

            three-dial combination, II-195

locomotive whistle, II-589

logarithmic amplifiers, I-29, I-35, II-8, VI-56

            dc to video, I-38

            log-ratio amplifier, I-42

logarithmic converter, fast, I-169

logarithmic light sensor, I-366

logarithmic sweep VCO, III-738

logic/logic circuits, VI-313-316

            amplifiers, logic amplifiers, II-332-335

                        low-power binary, to 10n gain low-frequency, II-333

                        low-power inverting, digitally selectable gain, II-333

                        low-power noninverting, digitally selectable input and gain, II-334

                        precision, digitally programmable input and gain, II-335

                        programmable amplifier, II-334

            AND gate, VI-315

            audible pulses, II-345

            chip tester, VI-334

            combinatorial logic multiplexer, VI-315

            converter, TTL to MOS, I-170

            four-state, single LED indicator, II-361

            isolation and zero voltage switching, II-415

            level shifter, negative to positive supply, I-394

            light-activated, I-393

            line monitor, III-108

            logic control for 78xx regulator, VI-562

            overvoltage protection, I-517

            power supply, 3.3-V from 5-V, VI-492

            probes, logic probes, I-520, I-525, I-   526, IV-430-431, IV-434, VI-522, VI-523

                        CMOS, I-523, I-526, III-499

                        digital, III-497, V-310

                        four-way operation, IV-432

                        memory-tester, installed, I-525

                        single-IC design, IV-433

                        three-in-one set: probe, signal tracer, injector, IV-429

            pulse generator for logic-troubleshooting, IV-436

            pulser, III-520, V-489

            regulator, 5-V, with electronic shutdown, VI-496

            relay AND circuit, VI-316

            relay OR circuit, VI-316

            signals, long delay line for, III-107

            sine wave oscillator, VI-440

            state change indicator, VI-314

            testers

                        audible, III-343, V-313

                        TTL, I-527

            translators, logic-level translators, IV-242

long-duration timer, PUT, II-675

long-range object detector, III-273

loop antennas

            3.5 MHz, IV-12-13

            dual band, 80-160 m, V-32

            preamp, V-38

loop oscillators, VI-385

loop transmitter, remote sensors, III-70

loop-thru video amplifier, IV-616

loudness controls, II-46, II-47

            amplifier, loudness amp, II-46

            balance amplifier with, II-395

loudspeakers

            coupling circuit, I-78

            horn as loudspeaker, IV-54

            protector circuit, V-483

            remote link, I-343

low-distortion input selector for audio use, II-38

low-frequency oscillators, III-428

            crystal, I-184, II-146

            oscillator/flasher, II-234

            Pierce oscillator, III-133

            TTL oscillator, II-595

low-pass filters, I-287

            active, V-178, V-181, V-188

                        digitally selected break frequency, II-216

                        fourth-order, V-184

            amplifier, VI-49

            Butterworth, V-180, V-181

            Chebyshev, fifth-order, multi-feedback, II-219

            clock-tunable, monolithic, 1mV, V-187

            fast-response, fast settling, IV-168-169

            fast-settling, precision, II-220

            pole-active, I-295

            precision, fast settling, II-220

            Sallen Key, VI-221

                        10 kHz, I-279

                        active, IV-177

                        equal component, I-292

                        second order, I-289

            second-order, V-188

            second order Sallen-Key, I-289

            unity-gain second-order, V-187

            variable, V-186

            voltage-controlled, VI-219

low-voltage alarm/indicator, I-224, II-493, III-769

low-voltage power disconnector, II-97

LVDT circuits, II-336-339, III-323-324

            driver demodulator, II-337

            signal conditioner, II-338

M

machine Vision, illumination stabilizer for, II-306

magnetometer, II-341

magnets

            current sensor, magnetic currents, III-341

            electromagnetic-field sensor, V-308

            permanent-magnet detector, IV-281

            preamplifiers, magnetic, I-89, I-91, III-37, III-673, IV-35, IV-36

            proximity sensor, V-308

            transducer, magnetic transducer, I-233

mains-failure indicator, IV-216

marker generator, III-138

marker light, III-317

mathematical circuits, III-325-327, IV-258-263, V-286-288, VI-317-326

            adder circuits, III-327

            binary, fast-action, IV-260-261

            averaging circuit, VI-324

            bridge linearizing function, VI-321

            difference of squares, VI-323

            divider circuits, IV-150-156

                        binary chain, I-258

                        divide-by-2-or-3 circuit, IV-154

                        divide-by-N

                                    1+ GHz, IV-155

                                    1.5+ divide-by-n, IV-156

                                    CMOS programmable, I-257

                                    7490-divided-by-n, IV-154

                        divide-by-odd number, IV-153

                        frequency dividers, I-258, II-25 1, II-254, III-213-218, III-340, III-768

                                    1.2 GHz, III-129

                                    10-MHz, III-126

                                    clock input, IV-151

                                    decade, I-259

                                    divide-by-1.5, III-216

                                    low-cost, III-124

                                    low-frequency, II-253

                                    preamp, III-128

                                    programmable, IV-152-153

                                    staircase generator and, I-730

                                    tachometer and, I-3 10

                        odd-number counter and, III-217

                        one trim, III-326

                        pulse, non-integer programmable, II-511, III-226

            minimum/maximum selector, four-input, V-332

            multiplier circuits, IV-325, VI-325

                        low-frequency multiplier, IV-325

                        precise commutating amp, IV-262-263

                        voltage multipliers, IV-63I-637

                                    2, 000 V low-current supply, IV-636-637

                                    10, 000 VDC supply, IV-633

                                    corona wind generator, IV-633

                                    doublers, III-459, IV-635

                                    cascaded, Cockcroft-Walton, IV-635

                                    triac-controlled, III-468

                        laser power supply, IV-636

                        negative-ion generator, high-voltage, IV-634

                        tripler, low-current, IV-637

            multiplier/divider, VI-318, VI-322

            percentage-deviation ratio computer, VI-326

            polar to rectangular converter/pattern generator, radio direction, V-288

            polynomial generator, V-287

            root extractor, V-207, V-288

            sin approximation, VI-323

            slope integrator, programmable, IV-259

            square-root circuit, VI-319, VI-320, VI-322

            subtractor, III-327

MC1330/MC1352 television IF amplifier, I-688

measurement/test circuits (see also monitors; probes), II-340, III-268-270, III-328-348, IV-210-218, IV-264-311, V-230-232, V-289-32 1, VI-258-260, VI-327-363

            100 K megaohm dc, I-524

            3-in-1 test set, III-330

            555 circuits, LED output indicator, VI-260

            absolute-value circuit, IV-274

            ac hot wire, I-581

            ac-current indicator, IV-290

            ac-power indicator, LED display, IV-214

            ac/dc: indicator, IV-214

            ac outlet tester, V-318

            ac power monitor, VI-351

            ac wiring locator, V-317

            ac-watts calculator, V-304

            accelerometer, VI-345

            acoustic-sound receiver, IV-311

            acoustic-sound transmitter, IV-311

            activity tester, crystal oscillators, V-138

            alarm and, I-337

            altimeter, digital, V-296

            ammeter, low-current, V-307

            anemometer, hot-wire, III-242

            atmosphere noise monitor, VI-370

            audible logic tester, III-343

            audible TTL, I-524

            audio amplifier tester, VI-343

            audio frequency meter, I-311, V-305, V-320, VI-335

            audio millivolt, III-767, III-769

            audio power, I-488

            audio-rf signal tracer, I-527

            automatic contrast, I-479

            automotive electrical tester, IV-45

            automotive-temperature indicator, PTC thermistor, II-56

            B-field measurer, IV-272

            balance indicator, IV-215

            balance meter for stereo, V-583

            barometer, IV-273, VI-338

            battery indicators/testers, I-108, I-121, I-122, I-124, IV-74, IV-78, IV-79

            beat frequency, I-336

            breath alert alcohol tester, III-359

            broadband ac active rectifier, IV-271

            buzz box continuity checker, I-551

            cable tester, III-539, V-299

            calibrator (see calibrators)

            capacitance buffer

                        low-input, III-498

                        stabilized low-input, III-502

            capacitance meters, I-400, II-9I-94, III-75-77, VI-340

                        A/D, 3.5 digit, III-76

                        capacitance to voltage, II-92

                        digital, II-94

            capacitor testers, IV-265, IV-279, V-306, VI-358

            clamp-on-current compensator, II-501

            CMOS logic, I-523

            continuity testers, I-550, I-551, II-342, II-533, II-534, II-535, III-345, III-538-540, IV-287, IV-289, IV-295, IV-296, V-293, V-317, V-319

            crystal tester, I-178, I-186, II-151, V-139

            current meters and monitors, I-203, II-152-157, III-338, VI-259, VI-355

                        ac current indicator, IV-290

                        current sensing in supply rails, II-153

                        electrometer amplifier with overload protection, II-155

                        Hall-effect sensors, III-255, IV-284

                        high-gain current sensor, IV-291

                        picoammeter, I-202, II-154, II-157, III-338

                        guarded input, II-156

                        range ammeter, six-decade, II-153, II-156

            curve tracer, I-397, IV-274, V-300

            CW offset indicator, IV-213

            deviation meter, IV-303

            dial pulse, III-613

            digital frequency meter, III-344

            digital multimeter (DMM), IV-291, V-291

            digital voltmeters (DVM), III-4

                        3.5-digit, I-713, III-761

                        3.75-digit, I-711

                        4.5-digit, I-717, III-760

                        adapter for PC, V-310

                        auto-calibrate circuit, I-714

                        automatic nulling, I-712

                        interface and temperature sensor, II-647

                        LED readout, IV-286

                        temperature sensor and DVM, 647

            diode tester, I-401, I-402, 1406, II-343, III-402

            dip meters, I-247, II-182-183

                        bandswitched, IV-298

                        basic grid, I-247, IV-298

                        dual gate IGFET, I-246

                        little dipper, II-183

                        varicap tuned FET, I-246

            direction-of-rotation circuit, III-335

            diode-curve tracer, IV-274

            diode-matching circuit, IV-280

            dosage rate, I-534

            driver, meter-driver rf amplifier, I-MHz, III-545

            duty-cycle meter, III-329, IV-265, IV-275, IV-280

            dwell meter, I-102, III-45

            E, T, and R measurement/test circuits, IV-283-296

            ECG amplifiers with right leg drive, VI-354

            electrolytic-capacitr reforming circuit, IV-276

            electromagnetic-field sensor, V-308

            electrometer, IV-277

            electroscope, VI-341

            electrostatic detector, III-337

            ELF monitor, VI-336

            energy consumption monitor, V-290

            expanded-scale analog meters, II-186, III-774, IV-46

            FET probe, III-501

            FET voltmeter, III-765, III-770

            field-strength meters, II-208-212, III-182-183, IV-164-166 V-174-176

                        1.5-150 MHz, I-275

                        adjustable sensitivity indicator, I-274

                        high-sensitivity, II-211

                        LF or HF, II-212

                        microwave, low-cost, I-273

                        rf sniffer, II-2 10

                        sensitive, I-274, III-183

                        signal-strength meter, IV-166

                        transmission indicator, II-211

                        tuned, I-276

                        UHF fields, IV-165

                        untuned, I-276

            filter analyzer, audio filters, IV-309

            flash exposure meter, I-484, III-446

            frequency comparator, VCO and input, VI-353

            frequency counter, III-340, IV-300, VI-360

            frequency divider, VI-10-MHz

            frequency standard, VI-341

            frequency meters, I-310, II-249-250, IV-282, IV-301

                        analog, V-307

                        audio, I-311

                        linear, I-310

                        low-cost, II-250

                        power, II-250

                        power-line, I-311

            frequency shift keyer tone generator, I-723

            frequency standard, 10-MHz, VI-361

            gate dip oscillator, VI-344, VI-346

            Geiger counters, I-536-537, II-489, II-514, V-217-219

            general purpose rf detector, II-500

            go/no-go test circuits, I-401, I-157

            grid-dip meters, I-247, IV-298

            ground, I-580, II-345

            ground-noise, battery-powered, III-500

            harmonic distortion analyzer, V-291, VI-357

                        meter, V-312

            impedance checker, V-136

                        in-use indicator, telephone, II-629

            inductance meter, linear, V-316, VI-330, VI-358

            infrared detector, low-noise, II-289

            injectors, IV-429

            ion detector, VI-267, VI-533

            ion-sensing electroscope, VI-287

            high-frequency and rf tester, IV-297-303

            LC checker, III-334

            LED meters, I-251, III-347

            level indicators (see fluid and moisture, level)

            line-current monitor, III-341

            light meters, I-382, I-383, V-302, VI-308, VI-350

            line-voltage to multimeter adapter, V-312

            logic chip tester, VI-334

            logic probes, I-520, I-525, I-526, IV-430-431, IV-434

                        CMOS, I-523, I-526, III-499

                        digital, III-497, V-310

                        four-way operation, IV-432

                        memory-tester, installed, I-525

                        single-IC design, IV-433

                        three-in-one test set: probe, signal tracer, injector, IV-429

            logic tester, I-527, II-345, III-343, V-313

            low-current measurement, III-345

            low-ohms adapter, IV-290

            low-voltage, III-769

            magnet/magnetic detectors, III-341, IV-266, IV-281, V-308

            magnetometer, II-341

            mains-failure indicator, IV-216

            measuring gauge, linear variable differential transformer, I-404

            meter tester, IV-270

            metronomes, I-4II-413, II-353-355, III-353-354, .IV-312-314, V-392

            microammeter, dc, four-range, IV-292

            microfarad. counter, IV-275

            microvolt, II-499

            millivoltmeters, III-767, III-769, IV-289, IV-294, IV-295

                        ac, I-716

                        audio, III-767, III-769

                        dc, IV-295

                        four-range, IV-289

                        high-input impedance, I-715

                        LED readout, IV-294

            minute marker, VI-337

            model car derby winner indicator, VI-259

            modulation monitor, III-375, IV-299

            mono audio-level meter, IV-310

            motion sensor, unidirectional, II-346

            motor hour, III-340

            motorcycle tune-up aid, VI-359

            multiconductor-cable tester, IV-288

            multimeters, IV-291, IV-293

            nanoammeter, VI-349

            negative voltage reference, VI-331

            noise generator, IV-308

            ohmmeters, I-549, III-540, IV-290

            On indicator, IV-217

            on-the-air, III-270

            op-amp dc offset shift tester, V-319

            optical light probe, IV-369

            oscilloscope adapter, four-trace, IV-267

            overspeed, I-108

            overvoltage protection, I-150, I-517, II-96, II-107, II-496, III-513, III-762, IV-389

            paper sheet discriminator, copying machines, III-339

            peak detectors, II-174, II-175, II-434-436, III-771, IV-138, IV-143

                        analog, with digital hold, III-153

                        decibel peak meter, III-348

                        digital, III-160

                        high-bandwidth, III-161

                        high-frequency peak, II- 175

                        high-speed peak, I-232

                        LED design, peak meter, III-333

                        level detector, I-402

                        low-drift, III-156

                        negative, I-225, I-234

                        op amp, IV-145

                        positive, I-225, I-235, II-435, III-169

                        true rms, I-228

                        ultra-low-drift peak, I-227

                        voltage, precision, I-226

                        wide-bandwidth, III-162

                        wide-range, III-152

            pH tester, I-399, III-501

            phase detection/manipulation     circuits

                        detectors, I-406, I-476, II-344, II-439, II-441, II-442, III-440-442, IV-127

                                    10-bit accuracy, II-176

                                    digital VOM, IV-277

                                    phase-difference detector, 0 to 180-degree, II-344

                        phase selector/sync rectifier/balanced modulator, III-441

                        sequencers, phase sequence, I-476, II-437-442, III-441

                                    rc circuit, phase sequence reversal detection, II-438

                                    reversal, rc circuit to detect, II-438

                                    three-phase tester, II-440

                        shifters, phase shifters, IV-647

                                    0-180 degrees, I-477

                                    0-360 degrees, I-477

                                    single-transistor design, I-476

                        splitter, precision, III-582

                        tracker, three-phase square wave generator, II-598

            picoammeters, I-202, II-154, III-338

                        circuit for, II-157

                        guarded input circuit, II-156

            PIN diode tester, VI-353

            polarity indicator, V-231

            power gain meter, 60 MHz, I-489

            power line frequency tester, I-311

            power meter, I-489, VI-333

            power supply test load, constant-current, IV-424

            power supply, 10-MHz frequency standard, VI-335

            power transformer tester, VI-354

            prescaler, 650 MHz amplifying, II-502

            pressure gauge, digital, V-314

            probes, 4 to 220 V, III-499

            process controller, 4 to 20mA, VI-355

            proximity sensor, magnetic, V-308

            pulse-width meter, III-336

            QRP SWR bridge, III-336

            radon detectors, VI-53I-533

            RC decade box, V-294-295

            receiver-signal alarm, III-270

            receiver signal-strength indicator, VI-260

            reference circuit, VI-339

            reflectometer, I-16

            remote-control infrared device, IV-228

            remote meters, VI-347

            resistance measurement, II-342, IV-285, VI-335

            resistor simulator, 100-W, VI-352

            resistors, programmable, VI-363

            resistance/continuity meters (see continuity tester, above)

            rf bridge, V-303

            rf output indicator, IV-299

            rf power indicator, I-16, III-332, VI-348

            rf probe, I-523, III-498, III-502, IV-433

            rf test oscillator, V-412

            rf voltmeter, III-766

            rf-actuated relay, III-270

            S meter for communications receivers, V-311

            scale, electronic, V-297

            SCR tester, III-344

            short-tester, V-313, V-315

            shutter, I-485

            signal generators, V-309

                        AM broadcast-band, IV-302

                        AM/IF, 455 kHz, IV-301

            signal strength meter, III-342, IV-166

            signal tracer, IV-429, V-309

            signal tracking signal generator, VI-956

            simulated, I-417

            single injector-tracer, II-500

            soil moisture, III-208

            sound-level meters, III-346, IV-305, IV-307

                        telephone, III-614

            sound sensor, IV-218

            sound subcarrier generator, VI-358

            sound-test circuits (see also sound generators), IV-304

            speedometer, bike, IV-271, IV-282

            static detector, IV-276

            stereo test circuits

                        audio-level meter, IV-310

                        audio-power meter, III-331, IV-306

                        balance indicator, I-618-619

                        reception indicator, III-269

            stud finder, III-339

            strain-gauge sensor, VI-336

            supply-voltage monitor, V-320

            suppressed zero, I-716

            SWR power, I-16, I-22, IV-269

            tachometers, I-94, I-100, I-102, II-175, III-335, III-340, III-347, V-65, V-596-598

                        analog readout, IV-280

                        calibrated, III-598

                        closed loop feedback control, II-390

                        digital readout, II-61, III-45, IV-268-269, IV-278

                        dwell meter/tachometer, III-45

                        feedback control, II-378, II-390

                        frequency counter, I-310

                        low-frequency, III-596

                        minimum-component design, I-405

                        motor speed controllers, II-378, II-389

                        optical pick-up, III-347

                        set point, III-47

            telephone

                        in-use indicator, II-629, IV-560, IV-563

                        line-tester, V-615

                        off-hook, I-633

            temperature (see temperature-related circuits)

            temperature indicator, IV-570

            test driver for hobby servos, VI-197

            test probe, 4-220 V, III-499

            tester, IV-270

            thermometers, III-637-643

            three-in-one set, logic probe, signal tracer, injector, IV-429

            three-phase tester, II-440

            tilt meter, III-644-646, V-302

            tone, digital IC testing, II-504

            transistor tester, I-401, IV-281, V-306

            transistor-matching circuit, VI-339

            transmitter-output indicator, IV-218

            tri-color indicator, V-232

            TTL logic tester, I-527

            universal test probe, . IV-431

            UHF source dipper, IV-299

            undervoltage, battery operated equipment, I-123

            universal test probe, IV-431

            VCR head amplifier tester, VI-48

            vibration meter, I-404

            video-signal amplitude measurer, V-309

            visual modulation, I-430

            visual level, III-269

            voice level meter, VI-194

            voltage level indicators, I-335, I-337, I-338, I-718, III-758-772, V-301, V-315

            voltage probes, V-474

            voltmeters, III-758

                        3.5 digit, I-710, I-713, III-761

                        4.5-digit, III-760

                        5-digit, III-760

                        ac, I-716, III-765, III-772

                        add-on thermometer for, III-640

                        bar-graph, I-99, II-54

                        dc, III-762, III-763, V-301

                        digital voltmeters (DVM), III-4

                        3.5-digit, common anode display, I-713

                        3.5-digit, full-scale, four-decade, III-761

                        3.75-digit, I-711

                        4.5-digit, III-760

                        4.5-digit, LCD display, I-717

                        auto-calibrate circuit, I-714

                        automatic nulling, I-712

                        interface and temperature sensor, II-647

                        LED readout, IV-286

                        temperature sensor and DVM, 647

                        FET, I-714, III-765, III-770

                        high-input resistance, III-768

                        JFET, V-318

                        LED expanded scale, V-311

                        millivoltmeters; (see millivoltmeters)

                        rf, I-405, III-766

                        single-chip digital, VI-329

            volt-ohmmeters; (VOM)

                        field strength, I-276

                        phase meter, digital readout, IV-277

            volume indicator, audio amplifier, IV-212

            VCR signal simulator, IV-273

            VU meters, I-715, II-487, III-487, IV-211

            watch tick timer, V-292

            water-level measurement circuit, IV-191

            wattmeter, optical isolator, VI-342

            wave generator, three-phase digital, VI-343

            wave meter, tuned RF, IV-302

            wideband test amplifier, IV-303

            wire tracer, II-343

            zener diode test set, V-321

            zener diode tester, I-400, 1406

            zero center, FM receivers, I-338

medical electronic circuits, II-347-349, III-349-352

            biomedical instrumentation differential amp, III-282

            breath monitor, III-350

            ECG amplifiers with right leg drive, VI-354

            EKG simulator, three-chip, III-350

            heartbeat transducer, VI-387

            heart rate monitor, II-348, II-349, V-342

            preamplifier for, II-349

            stimulator, constant-current, III-352

            stimulus isolator, III-351

            thermometer, implantable/ingestible, III-641

megaphone circuit, VI-93

melody generator, single-chip design, IV-520

memo alert, V-352

memory-related circuits

            EEPROM pulse generator, 5V-powered, III-99

            flash memory programming supply, +12 volt, VI-138

            lithium backup battery replacement, VI-120

            memory protector/power supply monitor, IV-425

            memory-saving power supply, II-486

            transceiver memory backup, VI-28

messenger circuit

            Morse code, VI-406-407

            single-chip, VI-373

metal detectors, II-350-352, IV-137, V-322-324

            low-cost design, V-323

            micropower, I-408

            pipe detector, V-323

meters (see measurement/test circuits)

methane concentration detector, linearized output, III-250

metronomes, I-413, II-353-355, Ill-353-354, IV-312-314, V-392, VI-364-366

            ac-line operated unijunction, II-355

            accentuated beat, I-411

            audible metronome, VI-365

            downbeat-emphasized, III-353-354

            electronic, IV-313

            low-power design, IV-313

            novel design, IV-314

            sight and sound, I-412

            simple, II-354

            top octave generator, V-393

            version 11, II-355

            visual metronome, VI-366

microammeter, dc, four-range, IV-292

microcontroller, musical organ, preprogrammed single-chip, I-600

microphone circuits

            AM-modulated oscillator for wireless microphones, VI-450

            amplifiers, I-87, III-34

                        electronic balanced input, I-86

            buffer amplifiers, high-Z, VI-125

            electric, preamp, circuit, V-21

            external mic circuit for transceivers, V-351

            FM wireless, III-682, III-685, III-691

            high-impedance input circuit, VI-81

            mini-megaphone circuit, VI-93

            mixer, II-37, V-363, V-364

            parabolic dish mikes, electronic-ear amp, VI-82

            preamplifiers, II-45, IV-37, IV-42

                        balanced mic, VI-77

                        dynamic mic, VI-76, VI-79

                        low-impedance, IV-41

                        low-voltage, VI-56

                        tone control for, II-687

                        transformerless, unbalanced input, I-88

                        transformerless, unbalanced input, I-88

            underwater microphone, VI-379

            wireless, I-679, IV-652-654, VI-661

microprocessors (see computer circuits)

microvolt comparators

            dual limit, III-89

            hysteresis-including, III-88

microvolt probe, II-499

microwave amplifiers, IV-315-319

            5.7 GHz, IV-317

            bias supply for preamp, IV-318

            preamplifiers

                        2.3 GHz, IV-316

                        3.4 GHz, IV-316

                        bias supply, IV-318

                        single-stage, 10 GHz, IV-317

                        two-stage, 10 GHz, IV-319

microwave field strength meter, I-273

MIDI (see musical circuits)

Miller oscillator, I-193

millivoltmeters, III-767, III-769, IV-289, IV-294, IV-295

            ac, I-716

            audio, III-767, III-769

            dc, IV-295

            four-range, IV-289

            high-input impedance, I-715

            LED readout, IV-294

mini-stereo audio amplifiers, III-38

minimum/maximum selector, four-input, V-332

mixers, III-367-370, IV-330-336, V-359-364, VI-392-393

            1 - MHz, I-427

            audio, I-23, I-59, II-35, IV-335, V-362, V-364

            CMOS, I-57

            common-source, I-427

            digital mixer, IV-334

            diplexer, IV-335

            doubly balanced, I-427

            dynamic audio mixer, IV-331

            four-channel, I-56, I-60, II-40, Ill-369, IV-333

            four-input, I-55, IV-334

            guitar mixer, low-noise, four-channel, V-360-361

            HF transceiver/mixer, IV-457

            hybrid, I-60

            input-buffered, III-369

            local oscillator, double-balanced mixer, V-415

            microphone, II-37, V-363, V-364

            mixer/oscillator for AM receivers, V-412

            multiplexer, I-427

            one-transistor design, I-59

            passive, I-58

            preamplifier with tone control, I-58

            signal combiner, III-368

            silent audio switching, I-59

            sound amplifier and, II-37

            stereo mixer, pan controls, IV-332

            unity-gain, four-input, IV-334

            utility-design mixer, IV-336

            universal stage, III-370

            video, high-performance operation, IV-609

mobile equipment, 8-amp regulated power supply, II-461

model and hobby circuits, IV-337-340, VI-394-396

            controller, model-train and/or slot-car, IV-338-340

            railroad crossing flasher, VI-395

            railroad track control signal, VI-396

            rocket launcher, II-358

modems

            power-line, carrier-current circuit, III-82

            power line modem for computer control, VI-474

            protector, V-479, V-482

modulated readback systems, disc/tape phase, I-89

modulation indicator/monitor, I-430

CB, I-431

modulators, I-437, II-368-372, III-371-377, V-365-367, VI-397-403

455-kHz, V-366

            +12V dc single supply, balanced, I-437

            AM, I-438, II-370

            balanced, III-376, III-441

            digital pulse width modulation, VI-400-401

            double-sideband suppressed-carrier, III-377

            DSB modulator, four-quadrant, VI-402

            FM, V-366, V-367

            high-frequency, varactorless, VI-398

            linear (AM) amplitude modulator, VI-402

            linear pulse-width, I-437

            monitor for, III-375

            musical envelope generator, I-601

            pulse-position, I-435, III-375

            pulse-width, I-435, 1436, I-438-440, III-376, IV-326, VI-402

            rf, I-436, II-369, III-372, III-374

            saw oscillator, III-373

            TTL oscillator for television display, II-372

            TV, I-439, II-433, II-434

            VHF, I-440, III-684

            video, I-437, II-371, II-372, VI-399, VI-403, VI-399

moisture detector (see fluid and moisture detectors)

monitors for computers (see computer circuits)

monitors (see also alarms; fluid and moisture; light-controlled circuits; motor control circuits; speed controllers; temperature-related circuits; tone controls), V-368-372

            ac power line monitor, VI-473

            acid rain, III-361, V-371

            baby monitor, V-370-371

            battery monitors, I-106, I-222, II-74-79, III-60-67, IV-73-80

            bird feeder monitor, V-371

            blinking phone light, II-624

            breath monitor, III-350

            current, III-255, IV-284

            alarm and, III-338

            directional signals, auto, III-48

            door-ajar, automotive circuits, III-46

            duty cycle, III-329, IV-275

            flames, III-313

            home security system, I-6

            line-current, III-341

            line-voltage, III-511

            logic line, III-108

            modulation, III-375, IV-299

            overvoltage protection, I-150, I-517, II-96, II-107, II-496, III-513, Ill-762, IV-389

            power-supply monitors, II-491-497, III-493-495, IV-422-427

                        backup supply, drop-in main-activated, IV-424

                        booster/buffer, boosts reference current, IV-425

                        circuit breaker, trip circuit, IV-423

                        connections monitor, ac lines, III-510

                        fault monitor, single-supply, III-495

                        memory protector/supply monitor, IV-425

                        polarity-protection relay, IV-427

                        SCR design, IV-385

                        test load, constant-current, IV-424

                        triac for ac-voltage control, IV-426

                        tube amplifier, high-voltage isolation, IV-426

                        voltage monitors (see voltage monitors)

            radon detectors, VI-53I-533

            room monitor, V-369

monostable multivibrators, I-465, III-229, III-230, III-235, III-237, V-386, V-387, VI-700

            input lockout, I-464

            light-controlled, VI-309

            linear-ramp, III-237

            photocell, monostable, II-329

            positive-triggered, III-229

            TTL, monostable operation, I-464

            UJT, monostable operation, I-463

            video amplifier and comparator, II-268

mooring light, automatic, II-323

Morse code circuits, VI-404-409

            code, practice oscillator, VI-409

            CW audio filter, VI-405

            CW identifier, VI-408

            messenger circuit, VI-406-407

MOSFETs

            amplifier, high-impedance biasing, V-19

            audio power amplifiers, V-47

            biasing, high-impedance method, V-19

            buffer amplifier, V-93

            drive current booster, VI-368

            driver, high-side, VI-199

            frequency converter, V-123

            mixer/oscillator for AM receivers, V-412

            power control switch, IV-386

            power inverter, III-295, V-247

            push-pull amplifier, VI-55

mosquito repelling circuit, I-684

motion/proximity detectors, I-135-136, I-344, II-135, II-136, II-505-507, III-514-518, IV-34I-346, V-376-377, V-484-486

            acoustic Doppler motion detector, IV-343

            alarm for, II-506, VI-657

            auto alarm, I-9

            capacitive, III-515

            capacitive sensor touch switch system, VI-656

            field disturbance sensor/alarm, II-507

            infrared-reflection switch, IV-345

            light-beam intruder-detection     alarm, V-11, V-13

            tow-current-drain design, IV-342-343

            magnetic, V-308

            microwave circuit, V-377

            motorcycle alarm, I-9

            object detector, long-range, III-273

            optical detector circuit, V-405

            optical interruption sensor, IV-366

            people-detector, infrared-activated, IV-225

            proximity switch, infrared-activated, IV-345

            relay-output, IV-345

            room monitor, V-369

            SCR alarm, III-517

            self-biased, changing field, I-135

            switch, III-517

            UHF, III-516, IV-344

            ultrasonic motion detector, VI-668

            ultrasonic proximity detector, VI-669

            unidirectional, II-346

motor control circuits, IV-347-353, V-378-381, VI-410-416

            400 Hz servo amplifier, II-386

            ac motors, II-375

            ac servo amplifier, bridge-type, III-387

            bidirectional proportional control, II-374

            blender control circuit, V-379

            compressor protector, IV-351

            dc motors

                        direction controls, I-452

                        driver controls, fixed speed, III-387

                        reversing, II-381

                        servo, bipolar control input, II-385

                        speed-controlled reversible, III-388

                        fiberoptic controls, II-206

                        speed control, VI-411

            direction controller, VI-413, VI-416

                        dc motors, I-452

                        series-wound motors, I-448

                        shunt-wound motors, I-456

                        stepper motor, IV-350

            driver controls

                        ac motors

                                    three-phase, II-383

                                    two-phase, I-456, II-382

                        constant-speed, III-386

                        dc motors

                                    fixed speed, III-387

                                    reversing, II-381

                                    servo, bipolar control input, II-385

                                    speed-controlled reversible, III-388

                        N-phase motor, II-382

                        piezo drive, V-380

                        PWM, V-380 

                        reversing, dc control signals, II-381

                        servo motor amplifier, I-452, II-384

                        stepper motors, III-390

                                    half-step, IV-349

                                    quarter-step, IV-350

                        two-phase, II-456

            fiber-optic, dc, variable, II-206

            hours-in-use meter, III-340

            induction motor, I-454

            load-dependent, universal motor, I-451

            mini-drill control, TV-348

            model train and/or car, I-453, I-455

            phase control, hysteresis free, I-373

            piezo motor drive, V-380

            power brake, ac, II-451

            power-factor controller, three-phase, II-388

            power-tool torque, I-458

            PWM motor controller, III-389

            PWM servo amplifier, III-379

            PWM speed control, II-376

            PVTM speed control/energy-recovering brake, III-380

            self-timing control, built-in, universal motor, I-451

            servo motor amplifier, I-452, II-384

            servo system, III-384

            speed control (see speed controllers)

            start-and-run motor circuit, III-382

            stepper motors, V-57I-573, VI-600-602

                        half-step, IV-349

                        quarter-step, IV-350

                        speed and direction, IV-350

            tachometers, I-94, I-100, I-102, II-175, III-335, III-340, III-347, V-65, V-596-598, VI-98, VI-298, VI-371

                        analog readout, IV-280

                        calibrated, III-598

                        closed loop feedback control, II-390

                        digital readout, II-61, III-45, IV-268-269, IV-278

                        dwell meter/tachometer, III-45

                        feedback control, II-378, II-390

                        frequency counter, I-310

                        low-frequency, III-596

                        minimum-component design, I-405

                        motor speed controllers, II-378, II-389

                        optical pick-up, III-347

                        set point, III-47

            three-phase controls, II-383, II-388

            time-delay motor-control, long time, VI-413

            two-phase controls, I-456, II-382

motorcycles (see automotive circuits)

multiburst generator, square waveform, II-88

multimeters (see also digital multimeters (DMM), IV-291, IV-293

multiple-input detector, III-102

multiplexers, III-39I-397, V-382-383

            1-of-8 channel transmission system, III-395

            analog, II-392, V-383

            0/01-percent, II-392

            buffered input and output, III-396

            input/output buffer for, III-11

            single- to four-trace converter, II-431

            capacitance, II-200, II-416

            combinatorial logic, VI-315

            common-cathode LED-display ADC, III-764

            de- III-394

            differential multiplexer, I-425, I-428, II-428

            driver, high-speed line driver, I-264

            eight-channel data acquisition circuit, VI-378

            eight-channel mux/demux, I-426, II-115

            four-channel, low-cost, III-394

            frequency, III-213-218

            line driver, I-264

            low output impedance, VI-605

            mathematical, one trim, III-326

            oscilloscopes, add-on, III-437

            pulse-width, III-214

            resistor, II-199

            sample-and-hold, three-channel, III-396

            two-level, III-392

            video, I-of-15 cascaded, III-393

            wideband differential, II-428

multiplier circuits, IV-325

            capacitance multiplier, V-205, V-347

            low-frequency multiplier, IV-325

            photomultipliers, high-volt power supply, V-444, V445

            precise commutating amp, IV-262-263

            resistance multiplication circuit, op amp, VI-431

voltage multipliers, IV-631-637

            2, 000 V low-current supply, IV-636-637

            10, 000 V dc supply, IV-633

            corona wind generator, IV-633

            doublers, III-459, IV-635

                        cascaded, Cockcroft-Walton, IV-635

                        triac-controlled, III-468

            laser power supply, IV-636

            negative-ion generator, high-voltage, IV-634

            tripler, low-current, IV-637

multivibrators, V-384-388, VI-417-419

            100 kHz free running, II-485

            astable multivibrators, II-269, II-510, II-597, III-196, III-224, III-233, III-237, III-238, V-386-388, VI-418-419

            bistable multivibrators, I-133, II-465, VI-418

                        inverter, III-103

                        debouncer, IV-108

                        flasher, I-299, II-234

                        lamp driver, IV-160

                        pushbutton trigger, V-388

                        RS flip-flop, I-395

                        SCR, II-367

                        SR flip-flop, IV-651

                        touch-triggered, I-133

            car battery, II- 106

            CB modulation, II-431

            CMOS, V-385

            current, II-203

            duty-cycle, 50-percent, III-584

            free-running

                        100 kHz, I-465

                        programmable-frequency, III-235

                        with op amp, V-388

            low-frequency, III-237

            low-voltage, II-123

            modulation, II-430

            monostable multivibrators, I-465, III-229, III-230, III-235, III-237, V-386, V-387

                        input lockout, I-464

                        linear-ramp, III-237

                        photocell, monostable, II-329

                        positive-triggered, III-229

                        TTL, monostable operation, I-464

                        UJT, monostable operation, I-463

                        video amplifier and comparator, II-268

            one-shot, I-465, I-720, II-266, II-465, III-222, III-238, III-317, III-654, V-388, VI-419

            oscilloscope, II-474

            single-supply, III-232

            sound level, II-403

            square-wave generators, IV-536

            telephone line, II-628

            very-low-frequency, V-385

            wideband radiation, II-535

music circuits (see also sound generators), V-389-393

            envelope generator/modulator, IV-22

            instrument tune-up, audio generator, V-390

            melody circuit, V-393

            melody generator, single-chip design, IV-520

            metronome (see metronomes)

            MIDI receiver, V-392

            MIDI transmitter, V-393

            multi-tone generator, V-566

            music maker circuit, III-360, IV-521

            musical chimes, I-640

            musical envelope, modulator, I-601, IV-22

            octave equalizer, V-353

            perfect pitch circuit, V-391

            synthesizer, V-10-note, V-561

            telephone music-on-hold circuit, V-601, V-605

            wireless guitar transmitter, VI-661

mux/demux (see multiplexers)

N

N-phase motor drive, III-382

NAB preamps

            record, III-673

            two-pole, III-673

NAB tape playback pre-amp, III-38

nanoammeter, I-202, VI-349

NE602

            dc power circuit, V-358

            input/output circuits, V-355

negative-ion generator, IV-634

neon flashers, I-303

            Christmas light flashers, VI-225

            five-lamp, III-198

            two-state oscillator, III-200

            tube, I-304

networks

            crossover networks, I-172-173, II-35

                        5V, I-518

                        ac/dc lines, electronic, I-515

                        active, I-172

                        asymmetrical third order Butterworth, I-173

                        electronic circuit for, II-36

            filter, I-291

            speech, telephone, II-633

NiCd batteries, I-118

            analyzer for, III-64

            charger, I-112, I-116, III-57

                        12 v, 200 mA per hour, I-114

                        current and voltage limiting, I-114

                        fast-acting, I-118

                        portable, IV-69

                        temperature-sensing, IV-77

            thermally controlled, II-68

            packs, automotive charger for, I-115

            portable, III-47, IV-69

            protection circuit, III-62

            simpli-cad, I-112

            temperature-sensing charger, IV-77

            test circuit, IV-79

            thermally controlled, II-68

            zappers, I-6, II-66, II-68

night lights (see lights/light-activated and controlled circuits)

night-vision illuminator, IR, VI-265

night-vision scope power supply, VI-501

no-doze alarm, V-8

noise generators (see sound generators)

noise detector for ac circuits, VI-184

noise reduction circuits, II-393-396, III-398-401, IV-354-356, V-396-398, VI-420-424

            amplified noise limiter for SW receivers, V-397

            audio clipper/limiter, IV-355

            audio dynamic system, V-397

            audio shunt noise limiter, IV-355

            audio squelch, II-394

            balance amplifier with loudness control, II-395

            blanker, IV-356

            clipper, II-394

                        adjustable, VI-423

                        audio-powered, III-396

            Dolby, VI-421

            Dolby B, decode mode, III-401

            Dolby B, encode mode, III-400

            Dolby B/C, III-399

            dynamic noise reduction, III-321

            filters (see filters)

            limiter, II-395, III-321, VI-423

            low-level signal noise, V-398

            noise generator, VI-421

            noise-based voting circuit, VI-422-423

            receiver application, V-398

            shortwave receiver noise limiter, V-397

noise monitor, VI-370

noninverting amplifiers, I-32, I-33, I-41, III-14

            ac power, I-79

            adjustable gain, I-91

            comparator with hysteresis in, I-153

            high-frequency, 28-dB, III-263

            hysteresis in, I-153

            low-power, digitally selectable input      and gain, II-334

            power, I-79

            programmable-gain, III-505

            single supply, I-74

            split supply, I-75

nonselective frequency tripler, transistor saturation, II-252

Norton amplifier, absolute value, III-11

notch filters (see also filter circuits), I-283, II-397-403, III-402-404

            4.5 MHz, I-282

            550 Hz, II-399

            1800 Hz, II-398

            active band reject, II-401

            adjustable Q, II-398, V-179, VI-217

            audio, II-400

            bandpass and, II-223

            high-Q, III-404, V-178, VI-213, VI-217, VI-220

            RC, VI-221

            selectable bandwidth, I-281

            shortwave receiver filter, V-185

            three-amplifier design, I-281

            tunable, II-399, II-402, V-179

                        passive-bridged differentiator, II-403

                        hum-suppressing, I-280

                        op amp, II-400

            twin-notch for I kHz, V-183

            twin-T, III-403

            Wien bridge, II-402

NTSC gray-scale video generator, VI-679

NTSC to RGB converter, VI-677

NTSC to RGB video decoder, IV-613

nuclear particle detector, I-537

null circuit, III-69

            op amp offset null, VI-427

null detector, I-148, III-162

O

octal D/A converter, V-350

ohmmeters, I-549

            linear, III-540

            linear scale, I-549

            five-range, IV-290

ohms to volts converter, I-168

oil-pressure gauge, automotive, IV-44, IV-47

on/off control, I-665

on/off inverter, III-594

on/off touch switches, TI-691, III-663

one-arm bandit game, VI-251

one-of-eight channel transmission system, III-100

one-shot function generators, I-465, V-388, VI-419

            digitally controlled. I-720

            precision, III-222

            pulse generator, V-490-491

            retriggerable, III-238

one-shot timers, III-654

            light-controlled, III-317

            voltage-controlled high-speed, II-266

op amps, If-404-406, III-405-406, IV-357-364, V-399-403, VI-425-431

            x10, I-37

            x100, I-37

            astable multivibrator, III-224

            audio amplifier, IV-33, VI-427

            balanced amplifier, VI-429

            bandpass filter, VI-216, VI-222

            bidirectional compound op amp, IV-361

            bridge connections for power op amps, VI-92

            clamping for, II-22

            clock circuit using, III-85

            comparator, three-input and gate comparator, IV-363, composite amplifier, V-401, V-403

            compound op-amp, IV-364

            current regulator, VI-430

            dc offset-shift tester, V-319

            differential amplifier, VI-186

            driver, IV-158-159

            feedback-stabilized amplifier, IV-360

            free-running multivibrator, V-388

            full-wave rectifier design, V-403

            gain-controlled op amp, IV-361

            high-gain/bandwidth, V-403

            input guard for high-Z op amps, VI-428

            intrinsically safe protected, III-12

            inverter/rectifier, programmable, IV-364

            laser driver, VI-295

            logarithmic amplifier, VI-56

            long RC time constants, VI-426

            microphone mixer, V-364

            mixer circuit, VI-393

            offset null, VI-427

            on/off switch, transistorized, IV-546

            paralleled power op amps, VI-84, VI-429

            polarity gain adjustment, V-400

            power op amp, V-402

            power booster, IV-358

            power driver circuit, IV-158-159

            pseudo-ground, VI-431

            quad, simultaneous waveform generator using, II-259

            resistance multiplication circuit, VI-431

            saw tooth generator, VI-701

            single potentiometer to adjust gain over bipolar range, II-406

            single-supply applications, VI-430

            swing rail-ray, LM324, IV-363

            temperature-compensated breakpoint, nonlinear, V-19, V-401

            transconductance op amp, with booster, VI-47

            tunable notch filter with, II-400

            V-and I-protected, V-25

            variable gain, II-405, V-402

            VCO driver, IV-362

            video op amp circuits, IV-615

optical circuits (see also lasers; lights/light-activated and controlled circuits), II-407-419, IV-365-369, V-404-409

            50 kHz center frequency FM    transmitter, II-417

            ac relay, III-418

            two photon couplers, II-412

            ac switcher, high-voltage, III-408

            ambient light-ignoring optical sensor, III-413

            CMOS coupler, III-414

            communication system, II-416

            couplers/optocouplers, II-409, II-417

                        analog coupler, linear ac, II-412

                        analog coupler, linear, II-413

                        CMOS design, III-414

                        dc linear coupler, II-411

                        instrumentation, linear, II-417

                        optocouplers, II-409, II-417

                        stable, II-409

                        TTL design, III-416

            dc latching relay, III-417

            digital transmission isolator, II-414

            direction discriminator, V-408

            high-sensitivity, NO, two-terminal zero voltage switch, II-414

            indicator lamp driver, III-413

            integrated solid state relay, II-408

            interfaces, optocouplers/optoisolators, V-406-407

            interruption sensor, IV-366

            isolation and zero voltage switching logic, II-415

            isolators/optoisolators, IV-475

                        driver, high-voltage, III-482

                        telephone status monitor using, I-626

            light-detector, IV-369

            line-current detector, III-414

            microprocessor triac array driver, II-410

            optocoupler, V-407

                        interface circuits, V-406-407

            optoisolator

                        interface circuits, V-406-407

                        relay circuit, IV-475

            paper tape reader, II-414

            photoelectric light controller, IV-369

            photoreceiver, optimized noise/response, V-405

            phototransistors

            amplifier, V-409

            variable-sensitivity, V-409

            power outage light, line-operated, III-415

            probe, IV-369

            proximity detector, V-405

            pyrometer, I-654

            receivers, I-364, II-418

                        50 kHz FM optical transmitter, II-418

                        light receiver, IV-367

                        optical or laser light, IV-367, IV-368

            relays, III-412, III-417, III-418

                        dc solid-state, open/closed, III-412

            safety-circuit switch, V-409

            Schmitt trigger, I-362

            sensor, ambient light ignoring, III-413

            sensor to TTL interface, III-314

            source follower, photodiode, III-419

            telephone ring detector, III-611

            transmitter, I-363, I-367, IV-368

            light transmitter, IV-368

            triggering SCR series, III-411

            TTL coupler, optical, III-416

            zero-voltage switching

                        closed half-wave, III-412

                        solid-state, III-410

                        solid-state relay, III-416

optocouplers (see optical circuits, couplers)

optoisolators (see optical circuits, isolators)

OR gate, I-395

relay circuit, VI-316

organ, musical, I-415

            preprogrammed single chip microcontroller lot, I-600

            stylus, I-420

oscillators, II-420-429, III-420-432, IV-370-377, V-410-421, VI-432-469

            1 kHz, II-427

            1.0 MHz, I-571

            2 MHz, II-571

            5-V, III-432

            50 kHz, I-727

            400 MHz, I-571

            500 MHz, I-570

            800 Hz, I-68

            adjustable over 10:1 range, II-423

            AF power oscillator, V-412

            AM-modulated oscillator for

            wireless microphones, VI-450

            astable, I-462, V-420, VI-437, VI-438, VI-442, VI-443

            audio, I-245, III-315, III-427, IV-374, IV-375

            audio-frequency generator, V-416-417

            audio-test oscillator, V-420

            basic designs, V-414

            beat-frequency audio generator, IV-371

            beat-frequency oscillator, VI-452

            buffer circuits, IV-89

            Butler oscillator, VI-452

                        aperiodic, I-196

                        common base, I-191

                        crystal, I-182

                        emitter follower, II-190-191, II-194

            calibration oscillator, UJT, 100-k-Hz, VI-157

            cassette bias, II-426

            Clapp oscillator, VI-458

            clock generator, I-615, III-85

            CMOS, I-615, III-429, III-430

                        1 MHz to 4 MHz, I-199

                        crystal, I-187

            code practice, I-15, I-20, I-22, II-428, III-431, TV-373, TV-375, IV-376, V-100- 103, VI-409

            Colpitts crystal oscillators, I-194, l-572, II-147, V-411, VI-160, VI-458

                        I to 20 MHz, IV-123

                        frequency checker, IV-301

                        harmonic, I-189-190

                        two-frequency, IV-127

            crystal (see crystal oscillators)

            Darlington transistor oscillator, VI-455

            double frequency output, I-314

            discrete sequence, III-421

            duty-cycle

                        50-percent, III-426

                        555 circuit, VI-446

                        variable, III-422, VI-438

            emitter-coupled

                        big loop, II-422

                        RC, II-266

            exponential digitally controlled, I-728

            feedback, I-67

            flasher and oscillator

                        high-drive, II-235

                        low-frequency, II-234

            FM high frequency oscillator, VI-456

            FM-modulated oscillator, VI-449

            free-running, I-531

                        square wave, I-615

            frequency doubled output from, II-425, II-596

            frequency switcher, V-418

            gate dip oscillator, VI-344, VI-346

            gated, I-728, V-413, V-419

                        last-cycle completing, III-427

            Hall effect circuits, V-222

            Hartley, I-571, V-140, VI-453, VI-459

            hc-based, III-423

            HCU/HCT-based, III-426

            high-current, square-wave generator, III-585

            high-frequency, III-426

            crystal, I-175, II-148

            LC audio oscillator, V-411

            LF oscillator, V-413

            light-controlled, V-279

            load-switching, 100 mA, I-730

            local oscillator, double-balanced mixer, V-415

            loop oscillator eliminator, VI-385

            low-distortion, I-570

            low-duty-cycle pulse circuit, IV-439

            low-frequency oscillators, III-428

                        crystal, I-184, II-146

                        oscillator/flasher, II-234

                        Pierce oscillator, III-133

                        TTL oscillator, II-595

            low-noise crystal, II-145

            Miller, I-193

            MOSFET mixer/oscillator for AM receivers, V-412

            NE602 local oscillator, V-411

            neon flasher, two-state, III-200

            one-second, 1 kHz, II-423

            one-shot, voltage-controlled high-speed, II-266

            overtone oscillators, I-176, I-177, I-180, I-183, I-186, II-146, III-146

                        50 MHz to 100 MHz, I-181

                        100 MHz, IV-124

                        crystal, I-176, I-180, II-146

                        crystal switching, I-183

                        fifth-overtone, I-182

                        third-overtone oscillator, IV-123

            phase-locked, 20-MHz, IV-374

            phase-shift oscillator, VI-435

            Pierce oscillator, V-140

                        1 -MHz, III-134

                        crystal, II-144

                        harmonic, I-199, II-192

                        JFET, I-198

                        low-frequency, III-133

            quad tone oscillator, VI-434

            quadrature, I-729, III-428, VI-444

                        square-wave generator, III-585

            quartz, III-136

            R/C, I-612

            reflection, crystal-controlled, III-136

            Reinartz oscillator, VI-450

            relaxation, IV-376

            SCR, III-430

            remote oscillator high-frequency VFO, VI-451

            resistance-controlled digital, II-426

            rf oscillators, I-550-551, I-572, V-528-532, VI-448-459

                        6.5 MHz VFO, V-529

                        5 MHz VFO, II-551

                        ham band VFO, V-532

                        NE602 circuit, V-531

                        rf-genie, II-421

                        shortwave pulsed-marker, V-532

                        sidetone, rf-powered, I-24

                        signal generator, V-530-531

                        test oscillator, V-412

                        transmitter and, 27 MHz and 49 MHz, I-680

            RLC, III-423

            saw tooth wave, modulator, III-373

            Schmitt trigger crystal, I-181

            sine-wave (see sine-wave oscillators)

            sine-wave/square wave, tunable, I-65, III-232, IV-512

            single op amp, I-529

            siren oscillator, V-567

            square-wave, I-613-614, II-597, II-616, IV-532, IV-533, V-569, VI-445

                        0.5 Hz, I-616

                        1 kHz, I-612

                        astable multivibrator and, V-386

            start-stop oscillator pulse circuit, IV-438

            switch, oscillator-triggered, V-590, VI-606

            switching, 20 ns, I-729

            temperature-compensated, III-137

                        crystal, I-187

                        low-power 5v-driven, II-142

            temperature-stable, II-427

            third overtone, I-186, IV-123

            time base, crystal, III-133, IV-128

            timer, 500 timer, I-531

            tone-burst, decoder and, I-726

            transmitter and, 27 MHz and 49 MHz rf, I-680

            triangle-wave oscillator, V-205

            triangle/square wave, I-616, II-422

            TTL, I-179, I-613, IV-127, VI-437

                        1 MHz to 10 MHz, I-178

                        1 MHz to 20 MHz, IV-127

                        crystal, TTL-compatible, I-179

                        sine wave/square oscillator, IV-512

                        television display using, II-372

            tube type crystal, I-192

            tunable frequency, II-425

            tunable single comparator, I-69

            tuned collector oscillator, VI-454, VI-459

            UHF oscillator, tunable, VI-456

            varactor tuned 10 MHz ceramic resonator, II-141

            variable frequency oscillator, VI-438, VI-442, VI-443, VI-449, VI-451, VI-455, VI-457

            variable oscillators, II-421

                        audio, 20 Hz to 20 kHz, II-727

                        four-decade, single control for, II-424

                        sine-wave oscillator, super low-distortion, III-558

                        wide range, I-730, II-429

            variable-duty cycle, III-422, V-419

            VHF crystal oscillator

                        20-MHz, III-138

                        50-MHz, III-140

                        100-MHz, III-139

            VLF LC oscillator, VI-454

            voltage-controlled (VCO) (see voltage-controlled oscillators)

            warble oscillator, VI-582

            wide-frequency range, II-262

            wide-range, I-69, III-425

                        variable, I-730, II-429

            Wien-bridge oscillators, I-62-63, I-66, I-70, II-566, III-429, III-558, IV-371, IV-377, IV-511, V-415, V-419, VI-439, VI-444

                        CMOS chip in, II-568

                        low-distortion, thermally stable, III-557

                        low-voltage, III-432

                        sine wave, I-66, I-70, II-566, IV-510, IV-513

                        single-supply, III-558

                        thermally stable, III-557

                        three-decade, IV-510

                        variable, III-424

                        very-low-distortion, IV-513

            XOR-gate, III-429

            yelp, II-577

oscilloscopes, II-430-433, III-433-439, V-422-426, VI-460-464

            analog multiplexer, single- to four-trace scope converter, II-431

            beam splitter, I-474

            calibrator, II-433, III-436

            converter, I-471

            CRO doubler, III-439

            delayed video trigger, VI-464

            differential amplifier, VI-463

            eight-channel voltage display, III-435

            extender, III-434

            FET dual-trace switch for, II-432

            four-trace oscilloscope adapter, IV-267

            monitor, I-474

            multiplexer, add-on, III-437

            preamplifier, III-437, V-423

                        counter, III-438

                        instrumentation amplifiers, IV-230-231

            sampling rate phase lock, VI-462

            scope voltage cursor adapter, VI-461

            sensitivity amplifier, III-436

            spectrum analyzer adapter, V-424

            timebase generator, V-425

            trigger selector for timebase, V-425

            triggered sweep, III-438

            variable-gain amp, V-426

            voltage-level dual readout, IV-108

outband descrambler, II-164

out-of-bounds pulse-width detector, III-158

outlet tester, V-318

output limiter, III-322

output-gating circuit, photomultiplier, II-516

output-stage booster, III-452

output to current converter, VI-155

over/under temperature monitor, dual output, II-646

overload indicator, V-478

overload protector, speaker, II-16

overspeed indicator, I-108

overtone oscillators, I-176, I-177, I-180, I-183, I-186, II-146, III-146

            50 MHz to 100 MHz, I-181

            100 MHz, IV-124

            crystal, I-176, I-180, II-146

            crystal switching, I-183

            fifth-overtone, I-182

            third-overtone oscillator, IV-123

over voltage protection, I-150, I-517, II-96, II-107, II-496, III-513, III-762, IV-389, V-480

            comparator to detect, II-107

            monitor for, III-762

            protection circuit, II-96, II-496, III-513

            undervoltage and, indicator, I-150, III-762

P

pager, pocket-size, III-288

PAL/NTSC decoder, RGB input, III-717

palette, video, III-720

panning circuit, two-channel, I-57

paper-sheet discriminator, copying machines, III-339

paper-tape reader, II-414

parallel connections, telephone, III-611

party-line intercom, II-303

password Protection Circuit, PCs, V-109, VI-135

pattern generator/polar to rectangular converter for radio direction, V-288

PCB continuity tester, II-342, II-535

peak detectors, II-174, II-175, II-434-436, III-771, IV-138, IV-143

            analog, with digital hold, III-153

            closed-loop, V-153

            decibel peak meter, III-348

            digital, III-160

            high-bandwidth, III-161

            high-frequency peak, II-175

            high-speed peak, I-232, VI-175

            LED design, peak meter, III-333

            level detector, I-402

            low-drift, III-156, V-155, VI-183

            negative, I-225, I-234, V-154, VI-179, VI-183

            op amp, IV-145

            open-loop, V-153

            positive, I-225, I-235, II-435, III-169, VI-179, VI-183

            true rms, I-228

            ultra-low-drift peak, I-227

            voltage, precision, I-226

            wide-bandwidth, III-162

            wide-range, III-152

peak program detect or, III-771

peak converter, precision ac/dc, II-127

peak/hold circuit, VI-391

people-detector, infrared-activated, IV-225

percentage-deviation ratio computer, VI-326

period counter, 100 MHz, frequency and, II-136

period to voltage converter, IV-115

pest-repeller, ultrasonic, III-699, III-706, III-707, IV-605-606, V-427-428

pH meters/probe, I-399, III-501, VI-523

phase detection/manipulation circuits

            detectors, I-406, I-476, II-344, II-439, II-441, II-442, III-440-442, IV-127

                        10-bit accuracy, II-176

                        digital VOM, IV-277

                        lock detector, VI-176-177

                        phase-difference detector, 0 to 180-degree, II-344

            phase selector/sync rectifier/balanced modulator, III-441

            sequencers, phase sequence, I-476, II-437-442, III-441

                        rc circuit, phase sequence reversal detection, II-438

                        reversal, rc circuit to detect, II-438

                        three-phase tester, II-440

            shifters, phase shifters, IV-647, V-429-431

                        0-180 degree, I-477

                        0-360 degree, I-477

                        eight-output, V-431

                        single-transistor design, I-476

            splitter, III-582, V-430

                        long-tail pair, V-430

phase-locked loop, V-347

            infrared laser light receiver, VI-294

            lock detector, VI-176-177

            tracker, three-phase square wave generator, II-598

phasor gun, I-606, IV-523

phonograph-related circuits (see stereo/phonograph circuits)

photo-conductive detector amplifier, four quadrant, I-359

photo memory switch for ac power control, I-363

photo stop action, I-481

photodiode/photoelectric circuits

            ac power switch, III-319

            alarm system, I-13, II-4

            amplifiers, I-361, II-324, III-19, III-672, VI-301, VI-302

            battery charger, solar, II-71, V-327

            comparator, precision, I-360

            controller, IV-369

            current to voltage converter, II-128

            flasher, photocell-controlled, II-232

            integrator, photocurrent, II-326

            level detector, precision, I-365

            light controller, IV-369

            log converter/transmitter, VI-312

            monostable photocell, self-adjust trigger, II-329

            output-gating circuit, photomultiplier, II-516

            PIN, thermally stabilized signal conditioner with, II-330

            PIN to frequency converters, III-120

            preamplifier for IR photodiode, V-226

            sensor amplifier, II-324

            smoke alarm/detectors, I-595, I-596

            solar power supply, VI-311, VI-312

            source follower, III-419

            sun tracker, VI-299, VI-312

            switches, II-321, II-326, III-318, III-319

photoelectric sensor, V-277

photography-related circuits, II-443-449, III-443-449, IV-378-382, V-432-438, VI-465-468

            auto-advance projector, II-444

            camera alarm trigger, III-444

            camera trip circuit, IV-381

            charger for photoflash capacitor, VI-466

            contrast meter, II-447

            darkroom enlarger timer, III-445

            darkroom timer, V-436

            electronic flash trigger, II-448, III-449

            enlarger exposure meter, V-438

            enlarger light meter, V-434-435

            enlarger timer, II-446

            exposure meter, I-484, V-438

            flash meter, III-446

            flash slave driver, I-483

            flash slave unit, V-433

            flash triggers

                        electronic, II-448

                        remote, I-484

                        sound-triggered, II-449

                        time delay, V-433

                        xenon flash, III-447

            light meter, VI-308, VI-350

            light meter, enlargers, V-434-435

            photo-event timer, IV-379

            photoflash, electronic, III-449

            picture fixer/inverter, III-722

            shutter speed tester, II-445

            slave-flash unit trigger, IV-380, IV-382, V-433, V-436

            slide projector auto advance, IV-381

            slide-show timer, III-444, III-448

            slide stepper for projector, VI-467

            sound trigger for flash unit, II-449, IV-382

            strobe, V-435, V-436, V-437, VI-468

            time-delay flash trigger, IV-380, V-433

photomultipliers

            high-voltage power supply, V-444, V-445

phototransistor, V-279

            amplifier, V-409

            variable-sensitivity, V-409

            timer, I-485

            xenon flash trigger, slave, III-447

picoammeters, I-202, II-154, III-338

            circuit for, II-157

            guarded input circuit, II-156

picture fixer/inverter, III-722

Pierce oscillators, V-140

            1 -MHz, III-134

            crystal, I-195, II-144

            harmonic, I-199, II-192

            JFET, I-198

            low-frequency, III-133

piezoelectric circuits, V-439-441, VI-469-470

            alarm, I-12, V-10

            buffer circuit, VI-470

            drivers, V-440, VI-470

            555 oscillator, V-441

            CMOS, V-440

            micropositioner, V-440

            temperature controller, fan-based, III-627

PIN diodes

            filter selection circuit, VI-213

            test circuit, VI-353

PIN photodiode to frequency converters, III-120

pink noise generator, I-468

pipe detector, metal pipes, V-323

plant-watering accessories, I-443, II-245, II-248

playback amplifier, tape, I-77

PLUBC receiver, II-526

pocket pager, III-288

polar to rectangular converter/pattern generator, radio direction finder, V-288

polarity converter, I-166

polarity gain adjustment, op amp circuit, V-400

polarity indicator, V-231

polarity-protection relay, IV-427

polarity protector, VI-526

polarity-reversing amplifiers, low-power, III-16

poller, analog to digital converters, V-28

polynomial generator, V-287

position indicator/controller, tape recorder, II-615

positive input/negative output charge pump, III-360

positive regulator, NPN/PNP boost, III-475

potentiometers, digital control, V-158

power amplifiers, II-450-459, III-450-456

            2- to 6-watt audio amplifier with preamp, II-451

            10 W, I-76

            12 W low-distortion, I-76

            25 W, II-452

            90 W, safe area protection, II-459

            AM radio, I-77

            audio, II-451, III-454, IV-28-33

                        20-W, III-456

                        50-W, III-451

                        6-W, with preamp, III-454

                        booster, II-455

            bridge audio, I-81

            bull horn, II-453

            class-D, III-453

            GaAs FET with single supply, II-10

            hybrid, III-455

            inverting, I-79

            low-distortion, 12 W, I-76

            low-power audio, II-454

            noninverting, I-79

            op amp/audio amp, high-slew rate, I-82

            output-stage booster, III-452

            portable, III-452

            rear speaker ambience amplifier, II-458

            rf power amplifier

                        1296-MHz solid state, III-542

                        5W, II-542

                        600 W, I-559

            switching, I-33

            two-meter 10 W, I-562

            walkman amplifier, II-456

power line circuits, VI-471-475

            ac power controller, VI-472-473

            ac power line monitor, VI-473

            low voltage power controller, VI-475

            modem for computer control, VI-474

power meter, VI-333

power supplies (see also voltage indicators/meters), II-460-486, III-464, V-448-472, VI-476-498, VI-506-519

            0- to 30-V supply, VI-518

            0- to 5-V supply, VI-516

            +1.5-V supply for ZN416E circuits, V-469

            3.3-V from 5-V logic supplies, VI-492

            +5 V supply, V-471, VI-481, VI-491, VI-495

            5-A constant-voltage supply, VI-498

            ± 5 to ± 35 V tracking, V-469

            0- to 12-V, V-1 A variable, V-460

            9-V supply, VI-485, VI-495

            10-MHz frequency standard, VI-335

            12-V supply, VI-492, VI-493

            12-VDC regulated supply, VI-497

            13.8-VDC, V-2 A regulated, V-459

            ±15-V supply, VI-513

            20-V adjustable, V-461

            5V power supply with momentary backup, II-464

            5V, 0.5A power supply I-491

            8- from 5-V regulator, V-469

            2, 000 V low-current supply, IV-636-637

            AA cells, +5 V/+3.6 V, V-452

            ac outlet tester, V-318

            ac power controller, VI-472-473

            ac power line monitor, VI-473

            ac wiring locator, V-317

            ac-watts calculator, V-304

            adjustable current limit and output voltage, I-505

            adjustable 20-V, V-461

            adjustable supply, VI-517

            amateur radio amplifier, 1.2-kW

            144-MHz, VI-18

            amplifiers, audio, dual power supply, V-465

            subwoofer power supply, V-464

            antique radio dc filament supply, V-470

            arc lamp, 25W, II-476

            arc-jet, starting circuit, III-479

            automotive-accessory power controller, V-70

            automotive audio system supply, VI-103, VI-483

            automotive power supply, VI-513

            balance indicator, III-494

            battery (see battery-related circuits)

            battery charger and, 14V, 4A, II-73

            battery power pack, I-509

            bench top, II-472

            bench top, dual output, I-505 -bias regulator, VI-519

            bipolar

                        battery instruments, II-475

                        tracking double-output, V-449

            booster, I-28, I-33, V-349

            buck regulator, add 12-V output to 5-V, V-472

            CCFL supply with variable contrast, VI-510

            charge pool, III-469

            configurable, V-455

            connections-monitor, ac lines, III-510

            consumption limiters, III-572

            consumption monitor, V-290

            controllers, IV-383-389, V-III-115

                        ac switches, IV-387, V-112, V-115

                        ac voltage control, V-114

                        automotive-accessory power, V-70

                        bang-bang controllers, IV-389

                        burst-type control, III-362

                        current-loop control, SCR design, IV-387

                        dual-control ac switch, V-115

                        high-side switches, 5 V supplies, IV-384, IV-385

                        monitor, SCR design, IV-385

                        MOSFET switch, IV-386

                        overvoltage protection, I-150, I-517, II-96, II-107, II-496, III-513, III-762, IV-389

                        power controller, universal design, IV-388

                        power-down circuit, V-114

                        pushbutton switch, IV-388

                        three-phase, power factor control, II-388

            converter

                        225-W 15-V output, VI-148-149

                        inductorless, V-456

            current limiter, V-146, V-358, V-458

            current regulator, 100-mA, VI-478, VI-489

            current sources, I-205, I-697, V-141-143, VI-161-163

                        0 to 200-nA, IV-327

                        bilateral, III-469, I-694-695, V-143

                        bipolar sources, I-695, I-697

                        constant, I-697, III-472

                        fixed power supplies, IV-405, IV-406

                        low-current source, IV-399

                        low-resistance, V-142

                        negative, V-143

                        offset-adjusting, V-145

                        positive, V-142

                        precision, I-205, I-206

                        regulator, variable power supply, III-490

                        variable power supplies, voltage-programmable, IV-420

                        voltage-controlled, grounded     source/load, III-468

            dc to dc SMPS variable 18V to 30 V out at 0.2A, II-480

            dc power circuit, NE602-based, V-358

            dc power source, VI-511

            dc supply, VI-480, VI-481, VI-496

            delay circuit, V-148

            differential voltage to current converter, VI-153

            disconnector, low-voltage, II-97

            dual polarity, I-497

            dual power supply, amplifiers, V-465

            ELF monitor, VI-336

            experimenter's power source, VI-507, VI-511

            failure/outage alarms/monitors, I-581-582, II-107, II-486, II-175, II-491-497, III-493-495, III-511, IV-422-427

                        backup supply, drop-in main-activated, IV-424

                        balance monitor, III-494

                        booster/buffer, boosts reference current, IV-425

                        circuit breaker, trip circuit, IV-423

                        connections monitor, ac lines, III-510

                        fault monitor, single-supply, III-495

                        memory protector/supply monitor, IV-425

                        polarity-protection relay, IV-427

                        SCR design, IV-385

                        test load, constant-current, IV-424

                        triac for ac-voltage control, IV-426

                        tube amplifier, high-voltage isolation, IV-426

                        voltage sensor, IV-423

            fixed power supplies (see fixed power supplies)

            flash memory programming supply, +12 volt, VI-138

            flyback power supply for radon detector, VI-531

            foldback current limiter, VI-477

            frequency, power/frequency meter, II-250

            fuses, V-477, V-478

            gain, power-gain test circuit, 60 MHz, I-489

            general-purpose, III-465

            glitch detector. II-107, VI-178

            grid leak- detector, VI-179

            high-voltage (see high-voltage power supplies)

            IC regulator protector, VI-483

            increasing zener diode power    rating, II-485

            inductorless converter, V-456

            inverters, III-298, V-457

            12 VDG to I 17 VAC at 60 Hz, III-294

                        medium, III-296

                        MOSFET, III-295

            isolated feedback, III-460

            isolation transformer, V-349, V-470

            laptop-computer supply, V-463

            laser power supplies, IV-636, V-251, V-252, V-253, V-254, VI-291, VI-295

            level sensor, voltage level, III-770

            logic regulator, 5-V, with electronic shutdown, VI-496

            loss detector, II-175

            low-ripple, I-500

            low-voltage power controller, VI-475

            LTC, single supply, V-454

            meters, power meters, I-489

                        audio, I-488

                        frequency and, II-250

                        rf, I-16

                        SWR, I-16

            memory save on power-down, II-486, IV-425

            micropower bandgap reference, II-470

            microprocessor power supply watchdog, II-494

            modem, power-line, III-82

            monitors, II-49I-497, III-493-495, IV-422-427

                        backup supply, drop-in main-activated, IV-424

                        balance monitor, III-494

                        booster/buffer, boosts reference current, IV-425

                        circuit breaker, trip circuit, IV-423

                        connections monitor, ac lines, III-510

                        fault monitor, single-supply, III-495

                        memory protector/supply monitor, IV-425

                        polarity-protection relay, IV-427

                        SCR design, IV-385

                        test load, constant-current, IV-424

                        triac for ac-voltage control, IV-426

                        tube amplifier, high-voltage isolation, IV-426

                        voltage monitors (see voltage indicators/meters)

            multiple output, VI-506-513

            multi-voltage supply, V-458

            NE602 power supply options, VI-484

            negative supply, V-457

            neon lamp driver, V-5- to 15-V supplies, V-459

            noise detector for ac circuits, VI-184

            notebook computer triple-output supply, VI-512

            outage light, line-operated, III-415

            overload indicator, V-478

            over voltage protection, I-150, I-517, II-96, II-107, II-496, III-513, III-762, IV-389, V-480

            polarity protector, VI-526

            power saver for computer monitors, VI-139

            power-down circuit, V-114

            programmable, III-467

            protection circuits, I-515, I-518, II-98, II-107, II-474, II-486, II-496, II-497, III-511, IV-425, VI-427

            push-pull, 400V/60W, II-473

            quad power supply, VI-508

            rectifiers, V-464, V-466, VI-490

            reference, I-694, VI-496

            regulated power supplies

                        8-amp, for mobile equipment    operation, II-461

                        10 A, current and thermal protection, II-474

                        12-14 V, 3A, II-480

                        13.8-VDC, V-2 A, V-459

                        +15V I-A, III-462

                        -15V I-A, III-463

                        split, I-492

            regulator loss cutter, V-467

            regulators (see voltage regulators)

            reset circuit, II-366

            short-circuit protection circuit, VI-526

            short-tester, V-313, V-315

            solar power supply, VI-311, VI-312

            solenoid driver, VI-202

            split, I-512

            stand-by, non-volatile CMOS RAMs, II-477

            subwoofer amplifier power supply, V-464

            sun tracker power supply, VI-312

            supply-voltage monitor, V-320

            switching power supplies, II-466, II-470, III-458, V-453, V-461, V-462, V-468, VI-479

                        50-W off-line, III-473

                        500 kHz switching inverter for 12V, II-474

                        complementary ac switch, I-379

                        control circuits, VI-494

                        power-switching circuit, II-466

                        regulator, VI-484

                        SCR, for color TV receiver, VI-487

                        variable, I 00-kHz multiple-output, III-488

            synchronous step-down switching regulator, V-468

            telecom converter -48 to +5 V at 1A, V-472

            teleprinter loop supply, VI-497

            three-rail, III-466

            tracking power supply, VI-485

            transceiver supply for lab source, VI-517

            transformer tester, VI-354

            undervoltage detector/monitor, III-762, IV-138

            uninterruptible, II-462, III-477, V-471

            universal laboratory supply, V-450-451

            vacuum-tube amplifier supply, VI-87

            variable power supplies, III-487-492, IV-414-421, VI-514-519

            VFO supply, VI-511

                        0- to 12-V, V-I A, V-460

                        current source, voltage-programmable, IV-420

                        dc supplies, IV-418

                        dual universal supply, 0 to 50 V, 5 A, IV-416-417

                        switch-selected fixed-voltage supply, IV-419

                        switching regulator, low-power, III-490

                        switching, 100-kHz multiple-output, III-488

                        tracking preregulator, III-492

                        transformerless supply, IV-420

                        universal 3-30V, III-489

                        voltage regulators for variable supplies, III-490, III-492, IV-421

            vocal stripper power supply, VI-373

            voltage doubler, V-460

            voltage probes, V-474

            voltage/current regulator, V-455

            voltage regulators (see voltage regulators)

            voltage sensor, power supplies, IV-423

            voltage-level, III-770

            voltage sources

                        millivolt, zenerless, I-696

                        programmable, I-694

                        voltage splitter, III-738

preamplifiers, I-41, V-26

            AGC audio preamp, VI-2

            amateur TV, mast-mounted, VI-37

            antenna preamp

                        HF broadband, V-36

                        loop antenna, V-38

                        VLF 60-kHz, V-33

                        wideband, V-35

                        6-meter, 20 dB gain and low-NF, II-543

                        1000x, low-noise design, IV-37

            audio preamplifiers, II-45

                        2- to 6-watt, II-451

                        6-W and, III-454

            audio to UHF preamp, V-24

            balanced microphone preamp, VI-77

            bias supply, IV-318

            dual audio signal amplifiers, V-58

            electric microphone preamp, V-21

            equalized, for magnetic phono cartridges, III-671

            FET phono cartridge, VI-79

            frequency counter/divider, III-128, V-24

            GaAs FET, rf amplifiers, V-516

            general purpose, I-84, IV-42

            handitalkies, two-meter, I-19

            HF, rf amplifiers, V-515

            IF, 30 MHz, IV-460

            IR photodiode preamp, V-226

            impedance-matching, IV-37

            instrumentation amplifier, IV-230-231

            NET, V-22

            light-beam activated alarm circuit, V-13

            LM382 phono, I-91

            low-noise, I-88, I-561, IV-41

            magnetic, I-89, I-91, III-37, III-673, IV-35, IV-36

            medical instrument, II-349

            microphone preamplifiers, II-45, IV-37, IV-42, VI-56

                        dynamic microphones, VI-76, VI-79

                        low-impedance, IV-41

                        tone control for, II-687

                        transformerless, unbalanced input, I-88

                        transformerless, unbalanced input, I-88

            microwave preamplifiers, IV-316-319

            mixers, I-58

            NAB preamplifiers

                        tape playback, professional, III-38

                        record, III-673

                        two-pole, III-673

            oscilloscope preamplifiers, III-437, III-438, IV-230-231, V-423

            oscilloscope/counter, III-438

            power amplifier with preamp, II-451, III-454

            read-head, automotive circuits, III-44

            receiver interface, V-243

            receiver preamp, VI-553

            rf amplifiers, V-526, V-527

            RIAA, III-38, VI-80

            RIAA/NAB compensation, I-92

            saw-filter impedance-matching preamp, VI-222

            stereo/phonograph preamps, I-91, II-43, II-45, V-584

                        low-noise, IV-36

                        magnetic, I-91, III-37, III-673, IV-35, IV-36

                        tone control, V-581

            tape, I-90

            thermocouple instrumentation amplifier, III-283

            tone control preamplifiers, I-675

                        high-level, II-688

                        IC, I-673, III-657

                        mixer, I-58

            transistor RLAA for magnetic phone     cartridges, VI-76

            transmit/receive sequencer, V-348

            UHF-TV, III-546

            ultra-low-leakage, I-38, II-7

            VHF, I-560

            VHF/UHF, rf amplifiers, V-515

            video, V-660

preregulators

            high-voltage power supplies, III-480

            tracking, III-492

prescalers

            data circuits, low-frequency, IV-132

            probe, amplifying, 650 MHz, II-502

preselectors, rf amplifiers, IV-483, IV-485, IV-488

pressure gauge, V-314

printer-error alarm, computer circuits, IV-106

printers

            port, VI-134-135

            printer-error alarm, IV-106

            printer sentry, computer circuits, V-107-108

            two-sheets in printer detector, IV-136

probes (see also measurement/test circuits), II-498-504, III-496-503, IV-428-434, V-473-474, VI-520-524

            100 K megaohm dc, I-524

            ac hot wire, I-581

            audible TTL, I-524

            audio-rf signal tracer, I-527

            capacitance buffer

                        low-input, III-498

                        stabilized low-input, III-502

            clamp-on-current compensator, II-501

            CMOS logic, I-523

            current probe amplifier, VI-521

            FET, III-501

            frequency probe, 8-digit, 100-MHz, VI-524

            general purpose rf detector, II-500

            ground-noise, battery-powered, III-500

                        logic probes, I-520, I-525, I-526, IV-430-431, IV-434, VI-522, VI-523

                        CMOS, I-523, I-526, III-499

                        digital, III-497

                        four-way operation, IV-432

                        memory-tester, installed, I-525

                        single-IC design, IV-433

                        three-in-one test set: probe, signal tracer, injector, IV-429

            microvolt, II-499

            optical light probe, IV-369

            pH, I-399, III-501, VI-523

            prescaler, 650 MHz amplifying, II-502

            rf, I-523, III-498, III-502, IV-433, VI-522

            single injector-tracer, II-500

            test, 4-220V, III-499

            three-in-one test set: logic probe, signal tracer, injector, IV-429

            tone, digital IC testing, II-504

            universal test probe, IV-431

process control interface, I-30, V-242, VI-355

processor, CW signal, I-18

product detector, I-223

programmable amplifiers, II-334, III-504-508

            differential-input, programmable gain, III-507

            inverting, programmable-gain, III-505

            noninverting, programmable-gain, III-505

            precision, digital control/programming, III-506

            programmable-gain, selectable input, I-32

            variable-gain, wide-range digital control, III-506

projectors (see photography-related circuits)

protection circuits, II-95-99, III-509-513, V-475-483, VI-525-526

            12 ns circuit breaker, II-97

            automatic power down, II-98

            circuit breakers ac, III-512

            electronic, high-speed, II-96

            compressor protector, IV-351

            crowbars, electronic, II-99, III-510

            ear protector, V-482

            fuse, electronic, V-477

            halogen lamp protector, V-271

            heater protector, servo-sensed, III-624

            IC regulator protector, VI-483

            line protectors, computer 1/0, 3 uP, IV-101

            line dropout detector, II-98

            line-voltage monitor, III-511

            loudspeaker protector, V-483

            low-voltage power disconnector, II-97

            modem protector, V-479

            modem/fax protector for two computers, V-482

            optical safety-circuit switch, V-409

            overload indicator, V-478

            overvoltage protection, I-150, I-517, II-96, II-107, II-496, III-513, III-762, IV-389, V-480

            password protection for PCs, V-109

            polarity protector, VI-526

            polarity-protection relay for power supplies, IV-427

            power-down, II-98

            power-failure alarm, III-511

            power-line connections monitor, ac, III-510

            power supply, II-497, I-518

            relay fuse, V-478

            reset-protection for computers, IV-100

            reverse polarity protection for battery pack, VI-30

            safety circuit, V-477, V-481, V-483, V-589

            short-circuit protection circuit, VI-526

            short-tester, V-313, V-315

            shutdown circuits, V-537-538

            speaker protector, V-476, V-479

proximity sensors (see motion, /proximity detectors)

pseudorandom sequencer, III-301, V-351

pulse circuits, IV-435-440

            amplitude discriminator, III-356

            coincidence detector, II-178

            converters

                        height to width, III-119

                        pulse train to sinusoid converters, III-122

            counter, ring counter, low-power, IV-437

            delay, dual-edge trigger, III-147

            detectors

                        fast pulse, V-154

                        missing pulse, V-152

                        out-of-bounds pulse width, III-158

                        sequence detector, II-172

            divider, non-integer programmable, II-511, III-226

            extractor, square-wave, III-584

            generators, pulse generators, II-508-511, V-487-492, VI-699

                        2-ohm, III-231

                        300-V, III-521

                        555-circuit, IV-439

                        add-on, V-488

                        astable multivibrator, II-510

                        basic, V-488

                        clock, 60 Hz, II-102

                        CMOS short-pulse, III-523

                        delayed-pulse, II-509, IV-440, V-492

                        divider, programmable, II-511, III-226

                        EEPROM, 5V-powered, III-99

                        free running, IV-438

                        interrupting pulse-generation, I-357

                        logic, III-520, V-489

                        logic troubleshooting

                        applications, IV-436

                        one-shot, V-490-491

                        programmable, I-529

                        saw tooth-wave generator and, III-241, V-491

                        single, II-175

                        train, pulse train, IV-202

                        transistorized, IV-437

                        two-phase pulse, I-532

                        unijunction transistor design, I-530

                        variable duty cycle, V-492

                        very low-duty-cycle, III-521

                        voltage-controller and, III-524

                        wide-ranging, III-522

            missing-pulse detector, V-152

            modulators

                        pulse-position, III-375

                        pulse-width (PWM), III-376, IV-326, VI-400-401, VI-402

                        brightness controller, III-307

                        control, microprocessor selected, II-116

                        motor speed control, II-376, III-389

                        multiplier circuit, II-264, III-214

                        out-of-bounds detector, III-158

                        proportional-controller circuit, II-21

                        servo amplifier, III-379

                        signal generator, VI-698

                        speed control/energy-recovering brake, III-380

                        very short, measurement circuit, III-336

            oscillators

                        fast, low-duty-cycle, IV-439

                        start-stop, stable design, IV-438

            pulse-position modulator, III-375

            stretchers, IV-440

                        negative pulse stretcher, IV-436

                        positive pulse stretcher, IV-438

            supply circuit, high-voltage power supplies, IV-412

            width, out-of-bounds pulse width detector, III-158

pulse-dialing telephone, III-610

pulse-width to voltage converters, III-117

pulse-width modulators (PWM), III-376, IV-326

            brightness controller, III-307

            control, microprocessor selected, II-116

            motor speed control, II-376, III-389

            multiplier circuit, II-264, III-214

            out-of-bounds detector, III-158

            proportional-controller circuit, II-21

            servo amplifier, III-379

            speed control/energy-recovering brake, III-380

            very short, measurement circuit, III-336

pulse/tone dialer, single-chip, III-603

pulsers, laser diode, III-311

pump circuits

            controller, single chip, II-247

            positive input/negative output

            charge, I-418

push switch, on/off, electronic, II-359

push-pull amplifier, Darlington, V-22

push-pull power supply, 400V/60W, II-473

pushbutton power control switch, IV-388

PUT circuits

            battery chargers, III-54

            long-duration timer, II-675

pyrometer, I-654, VI-640

Q

Q-multipliers

            audio, II-20

            transistorized, I-566

QRP circuits

            CW transmitter, III-690

            sidetone generator/code practice oscillators, V-102

            SWR bridge, III-336

            Transceiver for 18, 21 and 24 MHz, V-644-645

            transmitters, 10-M DSB with VFO, V-638-639

quad op amp, simultaneous waveform generator using, II-259

quadrature oscillators, III-428, VI-444

            square-wave generator, III-585

quiz master game, V-210

R

race-car motor/crash sound generator, III-578

radar detectors, II-518-520, IV-44I-442, VI-527-529

            one-chip, II-519

            radar guns, VI-528, VI-529

radiation detectors, II-512-517, VI-530-533

            alarm, II-4

            Geiger counter, VI-531

            ion detector, VI-533

            micropower, II-513

            monitor, wideband, I-535

            photomultiplier output-gating circuit, II-516

            pocket-sized Geiger counter, II-514

radon detector, VI-531, VI-532-533

radio/rf circuits

            aircraft receiver, VI-I 18- to 136-MHz, VI-542

            AM and shortwave, ac/dc vacuum-tube design, VI-536-537

            AM radio

                        broadcast trap, SW receivers, VI-214

                        car-radio to short-wave radio converter, IV-500

                        demodulator, II-160

                        detector, 455-kHz, VI-184

                        power amplifier, I-77

                        receivers, II-525, III-81, III-529, III-535, IV-455, V-496, V-497, V-502 VI-535, VI-547, VI-550, VI-552

            AM/FM radio

                        clock radio, I-543

                        squelch circuit, II-547, III-1

            amateur radio, III-260, III-534, III-675

                        transceiver relay interface, V-243

                        VFO, V-532

                        voice identifier, V-550

            amplifiers (see rf amplifiers)

            antique radio dc filament power supply, V-470

            antenna, remote tuned active HF, VI-62

            attenuator, IV-322

            automotive receiver, II-525

            beat-frequency oscillator, VI-452

            bridge, 50-MHz bridge circuit, V-303

            broadband, II-546, III-264, IV-271

            broadband antenna, miniature (3 to 30 MHz), VI-63

            burst generators, portable, III-73

            calibrator, V-298

            carrier-current circuits, III-78-82, IV-9I-93

                        AM receiver, III-81

                        audio transmitter, III-79

                        data receiver, IV-93

                        data transmitter, IV-92

                        FM receiver, III-80

                        intercom, I-146

                        power-line modern, III-82

                        receivers, I-141, I-143, I-145, I-146

                        relay, I-575, IV-461

                        remote control, I-146

                        transmitters, I-144

                        IC, I-145

                        on/off 200 kHz line, I-142

            clock, I-542

            converters, IV-494-501

                        ATV rf receiver/converter, 420 MHz, low-noise, IV-496, IV-497

                        HF receiver, VI-147

                        radio beacon converter, IV-495

                        receiver frequency-converter stage, IV-499

                        receiving converter, 220 MHz, IV-500

                        SW converter for AM car radio, IV-500

                        two-meter, IV-498

                        up-converter, TVRO subcarrier reception, IV-501

                        VLF converter, IV-497, V-121

                        WWV converter, VI-147

                        WWV for car radio, V-119

                        WWV to SW converter, IV-499

            crystal radio detector, VI-182

            crystal radio receiver, VI-549, VI-557

            current readout, I-22

            CW-related circuits

                        filter, II-219, VI-405

                        identifier, VI-408

                        keying circuits, IV-244

                        offset indicator, IV-213

                        SSB/CW product detector, IV-139

                        SSB/CW receiver, V-499

                        transceiver, 5 W, 80-meter, IV-602

                        transmitters, III-678, III-684, III-686, III-690, IV-601, VI-664

            detector, II-500, IV-433

            direction finder, radio signals, IV-148-149

                        polar to rectangle converter/pattern generator, V-288

            double-sideband suppressed-carrier modulator, III-377

                        rf, II-366

            FM radio, I-545

                        5 V, I-233

                        12 V, I-233

                        automobile radio diversity antenna, VI-64-65

                        bug, VI-662

                        clock radio, AM/FM, I-543

                        demodulators, I-544, II-159, II-161

                        high frequency oscillator, VI-456

                        IF amplifier with quadrature detector, TV sound IF, I-690

                        generators, low-frequency, III-228

                        receivers, I-338, I-361, III-80, III-530, III-532, V-495

                        scanner noise squelch, VI-579

                        snooper, III-680

                        speakers, remote, carrier-current system, I-140

                        squelch circuit for AM, I-547

                        stereo demodulation system, I-544, II-159

                        stereo transmitter, VI-662

            FM/AM receiver, VI-541

                        transmitters, I-361, I-367, I-681, II-417, III-687-688, IV-228

                        tuner, I-231, III-529

                        wireless microphone, III-682, III-685, III-691

            genie, II-421

                        input circuits, NE602, V-500

            IF filter for shortwave receiver, VI-212

            line sampler, VI-30

            linearized RF detector, VI-177

            measurement/test circuits, IV-297-303, V-412

            modulators, I-436, II-369, III-372, III-374

            Morse code circuits, VI-404-409

            oscillators, I-550-551, I-572, V-528-532, VI-448-459

                        5 MHz VFO, II-551

                        6.5 MHz VFO, V-529

                        ham band VFO, V-529

                        NE602 circuit, V-531

                        transmitter and, 27 MHz and 49 MHz, I-680

                        rf-genie, II-421

                        shortwave pulsed-marker, V-532

                        sidetone, rf-powered, I-24

                        signal generator, V-530-531

            output indicator, IV-299

            NB FM audio amplifier, VI-74

            power meters, I-16, I-24, III-332, III-592

            portable-radio 3 V fixed power supplies, IV-397

            probe, I-523, III-498, III-502, VI-522

            radio beacon converter, IV-495

            radio-commercial zapper, V-334-335

            RC receiver relay interface, VI-551

            receivers, VI-551

                        AM radio, II-525, III-81, III-529, III-535, IV-455, V-496, V-497, V-502

                        automotive receiver, II-525

                        carrier-current, I-141, I-143, I-145, I-146

                        CW/SSB receiver, V-80- and 40-meter, V-499

                        data receiver, IV-93

                        FM radio, I-338, I-361, III-80, III-529, III-530, III-532, V-495

                        old-time design, IV-453

                        radio-control receiver/decoder, I-574

                        reflex radio receiver, IV-452

                        regenerative receiver, VI-551, VI-554, VI-555

                        short-wave receiver, IV-454

                        signal-strength indicator, VI-260

                        superheterodyne, V-503

                        TRF radio receiver, IV-452

                        VLF whistler, V-496

            RF power meter, VI-348

            scanner silencer circuit, VI-579

            scanners, VI-578-580

            series/shunt PIN-diode RF switch, VI-610

            shortwave transmissions

                        converters, III-114, IV-500

                        FET booster, I-561

                        interference trap, VI-214

                        receiver, IV-454, VI-540, VI-543, VI-544-545, VI-546, VI-556

            single-sideband (SSB) communications

                        CW/SSB product detector, IV-139

                        driver, low-distortion 1.6 to 30 MHz, II-538

                        generators, IV-323

                        transmitter, crystal-controlled LO for, II-142

            signal tracer probe, audio, I-527

            sniffer, II-210

            static detector, IV-276

            superheterodyne receivers, V-503, VI-553